Connecting the Smithsonian American Art Museum to the Linked Data Cloud

Connecting the Smithsonian
American Art Museum to
the Linked Data Cloud
Pedro Szekely, Craig A. Knoblock, Fengyu Yang, Xuming Zhu,
Eleanor E. Fink, Rachel Allen, and Georgina Goodlander
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, China
Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, DC, USA
http://www.isi.edu/integration/karma

The Smithsonian American Art
Museum is a museum in Washington,
D.C. which has one of the world's
largest and most inclusive collections
of art, from the colonial period to the
present, made in the United States.
Wikipedia

Big Picture
Pedro Szekely and Craig KnoblockUniversity of Southern California

Problem
SAAM
Data
What ontology to use?
Structure mismatches
Data consistency What to link to?
100% precision
How to enable museums to do this themselves?

Steps to Create Linked Data
• Map data to RDF
… select ontologies
… define mappings
• Link to external resources
… identify the links
• Curate the Linked Data
… museums demand 100% correctness

University of Southern California

Complicated
Many irrelevant classes
and properties
Incomplete
University of Southern California

edm:ProvidedCHO
aac:CulturalHeritageObject
dcterms:creator
ore:Aggregation
edm:EuropeanaAggregation
crm:E89_Propositional_Object
edm:WebResource
edm:aggregatedCHO
edm:hasView
edm:Agent/crm:E39_Actor, foaf:Person
aac:Person
rdaGr2:placeOfBirth rdaGr2:placeOfDeath
edm:Place/crm:E53_Place
aac:Place
aac:associatedPlace
schema:PostalAddress
schema:address

edm:ProvidedCHO
aac:CulturalHeritageObject
skos:Concept
skos:Concept
edm:hasType
skos:narrower
skos:prefLabelskos:prefLabel
saam:objectId
dcterms:date
dcterms:provenance
dcterms:rights
dcterms:subject
dcterms:medium
dcterms:title
dcterms:description
dcterms:creator
ore:Aggregation
edm:EuropeanaAggregation crm:E89_Propositional_Object
edm:WebResource
edm:aggregatedCHO
edm:hasView
edm:Agent/crm:E39_Actor, foaf:Person
aac:Person
skos:altLabel
rdaGr2:dateOfDeath
rdaGr2:biographicalInformation
rdaGr2:placeOfBirth
rdaGr2:placeOfDeath
rdaGr2:dateAssociated
WithThePerson
edm:Place/crm:E53_Place
aac:Place
aac:associatedPlace
schema:PostalAddressschema:addressCountry
schema:addressLocality
schema:addressRegion
schema:address
skos:prefLabel
schema:Country
schema:name
dcterms:format
rdaGr2:dateOfBirth
skos:prefLabel
saam:objectNumber
saam:constituentId
dcterms:created

mapping the data to
the ontologies
how to enable museums to do this themselves?

Karma
Hierarchical
Sources
Services
Model
Karma
Tabular
Sources
Database
…
Interactive tool for rapidly extracting, cleaning, transforming,
integrating, and publishing data
[ Knoblock, Szekely, et al. Semi-automatically mapping
structured sources into the semantic web. ISWC 2012 ]

specifying transformations and
mapping to properties with
Karma

saam:person/2
aac-ont:Person
“George M. Aarons”
aac-ont:variantName
rdf:type
saam:person/15
“Alice Stanley Archeson”
aac-ont:marriedName
rdf:type

download the presentation to view the embedded video

mapping to object
properties using
Karma

Evaluation of Data Mapping Using Karma
SAAM database
8 tables
29 columns
Ontologies
407 classes
105 data properties
229 object properties
# of times Karma’s top 4
suggestions contain the
correct semantic type
# of times Karma
correctly assigns object
properties
Time
(minutes)
Run 1:
no training
data
7 out of 29 (24%) 30 out of 35 (85%) 18
Run 2:
using Run 1
as training
27 out of 29 (93%) 32 out of 35 (91%) 8

identifying and
curating links

Multiple “John Singer Sargent”
ima:Person_John_Singer_Sargent
a aac-ont:Person ;
dct:date "1856-1925" ;
foaf:name "John Singer Sargent" .
saam:Person_4253
a aac-ont:Person ;
aac-ont:associatedPlace
saam:SaamPlace_1357324439768t1r13950_0,
saam:SaamPlace_1357324439768t1r13951_0 ;
saam:constituentId "4253" ;
“Painter. Sargent traveled …" ;
rdaGr2:dateAssociatedWithThePerson "1990-10-1”, "1995-5-8" ;
rdaGr2:dateOfBirth "1856-1-12" ;
rdaGr2:dateOfDeath "1925-4-15" ;
rdaGr2:placeOfBirth saam:SaamPlace_1357324439768t1r13952_0 ;
rdaGr2:placeOfDeath saam:SaamPlace_1357324439768t1r13953_0 ;
foaf:name "John S. Sargent" ;
skos:altLabel "John S. Sargent" ;
skos:prefLabel "John Singer Sargent" .
cb:Person_John_Singer_Sargent
a aac-ont:Person ;
ont0:dateOfBirth "1879", "1885" ;
ont0:dateOfDeath "1925" ;
met:Person_John_Singer_Sargent
a aac-ont:Person ;
ont0:placeOfResidence
"North and Central America",
"United States" ;
dallas:Person_John_Singer_Sargent
a aac-ont:Person ;
ont0:dateOfBirth "1856" ;

John Singer Sargent
ima:SaamPerson_John_Singer_Sargent
a saam:SaamPerson ;
dct:date "1856-1925" ;
saam:SaamPerson_4253
a saam:SaamPerson ;
saam:associatedPlace
saam:SaamPlace_1357324439768t1r13950_0,
saam:SaamPlace_1357324439768t1r13951_0 ;
saam:constituentId "4253" ;
“Painter. Sargent traveled …" ;
rdaGr2:dateAssociatedWithThePerson "1990-10-1”, "1995-5-8" ;
rdaGr2:dateOfBirth "1856-1-12" ;
rdaGr2:dateOfDeath "1925-4-15" ;
rdaGr2:placeOfBirth saam:SaamPlace_1357324439768t1r13952_0 ;
rdaGr2:placeOfDeath saam:SaamPlace_1357324439768t1r13953_0 ;
skos:altLabel "John S. Sargent" ;
cb:SaamPerson_John_Singer_Sargent
a saam:SaamPerson ;
ont0:dateOfBirth "1879", "1885" ;
met:SaamPerson_John_Singer_Sargent
a saam:SaamPerson ;
ont0:placeOfResidence
"North and Central America",
"United States" ;
dallas:SaamPerson_John_Singer_Sargent
a saam:SaamPerson ;
ont0:dateOfBirth "1856" ;

Linking “John Singer Sargent”
saam:Person_4253
owl:sameAs cb:Person_John_Singer_Sargent ;
owl:sameAs dallas:Person_John_Singer_Sargent ;
owl:sameAs ima:Person_John_Singer_Sargent ;
owl:sameAs met:Person_John_Singer_Sargent ;
owl:sameAs dbpedia:John_Singer_Sargent ;
owl:sameAs nytimes:N49129220686803623753 ;
owl:sameAs w-flick:John_Singer_Sargent ;
...
.

Intuition
Estimate discrimination power of properties,
e.g., of name, birth and death dates
birth date death date # of people
… … …
1800 1820 147
1800 1821 284
1800 1822 213
… … …
every
combination
of dates
Song, D., Heflin, J.: Domain-independent entity coreference for linking ontology instances.
ACM Journal of Data and Information Quality (ACM JDIQ) (2012)
similar idea to

Evaluation of Automatic Linking
SAAM names starting with “A” matched by hand
 535 people  176 matches

Results of Automatic Linking
Getty ULAN® 2,110
Rijksmuseum 551
Geonames 3,068
DBPedia 2,194
New York Times 70
estimate ≈ 30 missing
links to DBpedia

Curating Links with Karma

Linking with Karma

results of automated linking and
interactive curation recorded using
PROV
owl:sameAs statements constructed
using SPARQL CONSTRUCT queries
over PROV records

deployment

Related Work
• Europeana
• 17 million items, 1,500 institutions
• Require exports in “Europeana” format
• Amsterdam Museum, Museum Finland
• Rich ontology, RDF to RDF mapping rules
• LODAC museums in Japan
• 114 museums, simple ontology
• Research Space, British Museum
• CIDOC CRM ontologies, complex mappings
We focused significantly on Linking identification and curation

Next Steps
• Applications leveraging linked data
• Virtual museum
• Tools to create multimedia stories about art
• Tools to find inconsistencies
• Feed data to wikidata
• American Art Collective: a linked data
consortium of museums

Connecting the Smithsonian American Art Museum to the Linked Data Cloud

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