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Complexity & the game of Go




      Stuart & Faith French
     www.DeltaKnowledge.net
The Complexity Journey

                                 Chaos
                                 Theory
           Cog‐Neuro
            Science
                         David
Business               Snowden
  Mgt



                Me!
“Your Ontology should guide your Epistemology” ‐ Snowden
Getting a grip on Complexity

   Quick demonstration activity
Getting a grip on Complexity

   Quick demonstration activity
How the idea got started




Resilience      Robustness
Complexity & the game of Go

 "Chess lies on the boundary between 
the tasks best accomplished by careful 
    co‐ordination and design – the 
strengths of planning – and those best 
   accomplished by experiment and 
     adaptation – the strengths of 
               markets."

        ‐ John Kay, Economist
Complexity & the game of Go
         Chess                        Go
• 8 x 8 board                • 19 x 19 board
• Play in squares            • Play on lines
• Kings, Queens, Bishops,    • Black stones and White 
  Rooks…                       stones
• Aim: to kill the other     • Aim: to surround more 
  players King                 territory
• 1st 3 moves = 4,352        • 1st 3 moves = 46,655,640
What is Go?
• Go is a board game                • It is played all over 
• It originally came from             the world, but 
  Tibet / China                       mainly in

• Created ≈ 2300 B.C.                  • Japan (iGo),
                                       • China (Weiqi) &
                                       • Korea (Baduk)
                                    • Have you seen it 
                                      before?


Picture from www.igs.com
History of Go

• Played by the nobles
• Generals practiced
  it for war
• Simple = Pure Strategy
• Cultured = Calligraphy
  + Archery + Haiku + Go
• Taught in 5 Schools
Basic Rules
              • Start with a small, empty 
                board 
              • Each player takes a turn 
                placing one stone 
    4 3
                anywhere on the board
              • Each stone has liberties
2     1
              • When a stone has no 
                more liberties it is 
                captured and taken from 
                the board
Basic Rules
    • When two stones are 
      placed next to each other 
      they form an army
    • An army has to lose ALL its 
      liberties to be captured
    • The bigger an army is, the 
      stronger it is
    • Whoever surrounds the 
      most intersections wins the 
      game
Practice Games
Some hints to get started
                       1. Don’t start near 
                          the edge
                       2. Place fence posts 
          7 1
                          then the palings
        8 2 3
                       3. Surround as 
        1 3 4 5           much area as 
            2
            6             possible
        1 2            4. Try not to play up 
                          against the other 
                          player
 White      Black
 will win   will win
Lets Play Go!
Scoring a Go game
Black: 18 + 1 = 19
                      The winner is 
                        determined by 
                        their score
                      Score = Points 
                        Surrounded + 
                        Prisoners taken
                      Rankings & 
                        Handicaps

 White: 15 + 5 = 20
Complexity & the 2 rules of Go


                   From a basic 
                   framework and two 
                   simple rules comes 
                   amazing complexity

                   1. Suicide Rule 
                   2. Ko Rule
Influence & Future Constraint




The famous ear‐reddening game – 1846 Inseki v Shusaku
Influence & Future Constraint




            Why is move 127 so powerful? 
 It strongly influences many possible future moves
Complicated v Complex
     Complicated                                Complex
      More constrained                        Less constrained
            Stable                                Unstable
 Similar input = similar output     Small changes => unpredictable results
        Manage results                 Manage boundaries & attractors
        Set Objectives                          Set Outcomes
    Break down to details                  Chunk up & experiment
      Apply Best Practice            Use Safe‐Fail to discover what works



                     Dave Gray, Founder XPLANE >
“When you make the complicated simple, you make it better.
But when you make the complex simple, you make it wrong.”
More resources
Interactive Go Tutorial              Complexity Tutorial
       http://playgo.to/iwtg/en/           http://bit.ly/4sfHYG

Video Introduction to playing Go     David Snowden’s Blog
       http://blip.tv/file/262606/          http://bit.ly/1BOdoN

Free Go Software:                    Cognitive Edge Podcasts
 • iGoWIN (simple 9x9 game)                 http://bit.ly/28a7Zu
    –   http://bit.ly/Qt9Tb
 • American Go Association 
   Software List
    –   http://bit.ly/5BORFw

 Kids
 • Hikaru no Go – Anime video

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Stuart French KMLF Complexity And The Game Of Go