Observations on gender differences and implications for resilience in island aquatic agricultural systems
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Presentation by WorldFish Gender Research Analyst Aisa O. Manlosa at the Asia Pacific Conference on Human Ecology in Island Resiliency and Sutustainablity.
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Observations on gender differences and implications for resilience in island aquatic agricultural systems
- 1. Observations on gender differences and implications for resilience in island aquatic agricultural systems Aisa O. Manlosa WorldFish AP-CHEIRS November 27-29, 2014
- 2. Outline 1. Introduction 2. Observation on differences of men and women: the case of Mancilang, Madridejos –Development issues –Development priorities –Livelihoods –Coping strategies 3. Implications for building resilience of island aquatic agricultural systems
- 3. Key questions 1.Is there value in integrating gender in participatory action research in development? 2.How do men and women in Barangay Mancilang differ in perception in terms of development issues, development priorities, livelihoods, and coping strategies? 3.What do differences in perceptions imply for planning for resilience?
- 4. Context Aquatic agricultural systems •Farming and fishing systems where the annual production dynamics of natural freshwater and/or coastal ecosystems contribute significantly the household livelihood, including income and food security.
- 6. Our ways of working Community life competence process (community visioning: 16 M, 6 W) Regular community engagement (varied) Benchmarking (more or less 30 M and 30 W)
- 7. Development Issues Men Women Livelihood related -Inadequate fishing boats and gears -Low buying price, and exploitative pricing -Dependence on financers -Declining fish catch -High competition between fishers -Absence of income when weather is bad -Compressor divers cannot dive when weather is cold -Not united -Stealing NRM -Illegal fishing, connivance of Bantay Dagat with zipper operators -Cyanide fishing -Overfishing Livelihood related -Dependence on financers -No livelihood opportunities for most housewives -Lack of fishing gears Domestic related -Dependence on lending to survive on a daily basis (“higot sa utang”) -Vices of husbands -Large family size -No barangay library -Inability to finance students’ college education
- 8. Development Priorities and Livelihoods Men Women Development Priorities 1. Increase income of fishers (SA1) 2. Enforce fishery laws (SA2) 3. Improve education (SA1) 1. Increase income of fishers (SA3) 2. Create new livelihood opportunities (SA2) 3. Improve agricultural productivity (SA2) Livelihoods Fishing Scallops and crabmeat processing Carpentry Driving padyak Selling barbecue Cooking and peddling food (e. g. viand, hotcake, cassave cake) Making pupil’s project in school Sari-sari store Laundry Yaya Peddling fish Drying fish
- 9. Livelihood Coping Strategies Men Women - Engage in alternative livelihoods (e. g. carpentry, driving) -Take out small loan and start small business -Begin enterprises that were not previously present in community
- 10. Links and interdependencies Livelihood/productive sphere NRM Domestic/ Reproductive Coping strategies
- 11. Implications for resilience in island aquatic agricultural systems 1.Different roles, different perceptions of men and women 2.Understanding of linked and interdependent gender roles crucial to holistic approach in planning for resilience 3.Capturing voices of men and women essential to capturing a spectrum of perceptions 4.Inclusiveness of participatory processes enriches diversity of perceptions and this is essential for a richer understanding of community