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Policy briefs as a tool for development communication Jeff Knezovich 23 April 2009 – Budapest, Hungary
Today’s objectives ,[object Object],[object Object]
GROUP EXERCISE – Becoming familiar with policy briefs, Part I ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Outline of presentation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
WHAT IS A POLICY BRIEF?
WHAT IS A POLICY BRIEF? Two types of brief The PB as memo The PB as publication Internally focused Externally focused Demand-driven Supply-driven Narrowly focused Broadly targeted A general overview of the subject showing multiple opinions or view points Focuses on research that supports the main argument of the brief Might give multiple, and even competing, solutions Gives strong, clear and coordinated policy recommendations or implications
WHAT IS A POLICY BRIEF? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
WHY POLICY BRIEFS? The research/ policy divide ,[object Object],[object Object],Divergent needs & pressures regarding information usage Specialised research expertise vs. general knowledge Different time horizons for each community Multiple and competing influences upon policy decisions
WHY POLICY BRIEFS? The research/ policy divide Source: Phil Davies Impact to  Insight Meeting, ODI, 2005 Evidence Experience & Expertise Judgement Resources Values and Policy Context Habits & Tradition Lobbyists & Pressure Groups Pragmatics & Contingencies
WHY POLICY BRIEFS? The research/ policy divide ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Source: Jones, N and C Walsh (2008) ‘Policy briefs as a communication tool for development research’. ODI Background Note. London: ODI.
WHY POLICY BRIEFS? ,[object Object],[object Object]
WHO ARE POLICY BRIEFS FOR? Author(s) Researchers Policy-oriented research institutes Think tanks Civil society organisations Advocacy organisations International NGOs Multilateral organisations Government bodies Networks/ coalitions of any of the above Audience(s) Non-academic/ non-specialist Decision-makers who may have varying degrees of expertise on a given issue In certain cases may target development practitioners Not usually targeted at the general public
PLANNING POLICY BRIEFS: The RAPID Framework Source: Court, J and J Young (2004) ‘Bridging research and policy in international development’. ODI Briefing Paper. London: ODI. The   political context  – political and economic structures and processes, culture, institutional pressures, incremental vs radical change The   evidence   – credibility, the degree it  challenges received wisdom,  research approaches and  methodology, simplicity of the message, how it is packaged etc   External Influences  Socio-economic and cultural influences,  donor policies  The  links   between policy and research communities – networks, relationships, power,  competing discourses, trust, knowledge
PLANNING POLICY BRIEFS: Framing evidence ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PLANNING POLICY BRIEFS: Considering context ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],PLANNING POLICY BRIEFS: Considering context
PLANNING POLICY BRIEFS: Considering context When do policy-makers use scientific information in the policy cycle?
PLANNING POLICY BRIEFS: Thinking through links ,[object Object],[object Object]
CONTENT OF A POLICY BRIEF Main elements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CONTENT OF A POLICY BRIEF How to develop main elements
CONTENT OF A POLICY BRIEF An objective voice? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
STRUCTURE OF A POLICY BRIEF ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
STRUCTURE OF A POLICY BRIEF:  Executive statement ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],STRUCTURE OF A POLICY BRIEF:  Introduction The increased fear of a pandemic at the current time is due to the fact that the H5N1 strain causing the outbreak is capable of mutating rapidly and acquiring genes from viruses infecting other animal species, including humans. If the new virus contained sufficient human influenza virus genes, direct transmission from one person to another (human-to-human) could occur, heralding a possible influenza pandemic. The current H5N1 strain causes high mortality among humans, with mortality rates exceeding 50 per cent in most countries. AN EFFECTIVE REGIONAL RESPONSE TO THE THREAT OF A PANDEMIC UN ESCAP Issue N.1 2005
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],STRUCTURE OF A POLICY BRIEF:  Methodology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],STRUCTURE OF A POLICY BRIEF:  Results and conclusions Do The Electric Fences Work? Overall, it was found that although the electric fencing does help…it is not capable of completely eliminating conflict. In each …area…technical as well as socioeconomic factors affect…success. Technical failures mainly affected the early fences…Other problems resulted from failure to take into account elephant behavior and distribution patterns. Elephants and Electric Fences:  A Study From Sri Lanka. EEPSEA 2005-PB11
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],STRUCTURE OF A POLICY BRIEF:  Implications vs recommendations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],STRUCTURE OF A POLICY BRIEF:  References and Useful resources
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],GROUP EXERCISE – Becoming familiar with policy briefs, Part II
DESIGN AND LAYOUT OF A POLICY BRIEF ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],DESIGN OF POLICY BRIEFS:  Common techniques
DESIGN OF POLICY BRIEFS:  Titles, standfirsts and headings ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DESIGN OF POLICY BRIEFS:  Photographs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],DESIGN OF POLICY BRIEFS:  Graphs and Charts
DESIGN OF POLICY BRIEFS:  Text boxes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DESIGN OF POLICY BRIEFS:  Pull quotes ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],DESIGN OF POLICY BRIEFS:  Sidebar TIPS AND TRICKS Can gain space by having other elements run into the sidebar.
CONCLUSION Source: Adapted from Jones, N and C Walsh (2008) Key ingredients of effective policy briefs Evidence  Persuasive Argument Clear purpose; cohesive argument; quality of evidence;  transparency of evidence underpinning policy recommendations (e.g. a single study, a review of available evidence, etc.) Authority  Messenger (individual or organisation) has credibility in eyes of policy-maker Policy context Audience context specificity Written to address specific context and needs of target audience;  Actionable Recommendations Information linked to specific policy processes, clear and feasible recommendations on policy steps to be taken  Engagement  Presentation of evidence-informed opinions Presentation of author ’ s own views about policy implications of research findings; but clear identification of argument components that are opinion based Clear Language/  Writing Style Understandable by educated, non-specialist Appearance/Design Visually engaging, presentation of information through charts, graphs, photos

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Policy briefs as a tool for communicating development research

  • 1. Policy briefs as a tool for development communication Jeff Knezovich 23 April 2009 – Budapest, Hungary
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5. WHAT IS A POLICY BRIEF?
  • 6. WHAT IS A POLICY BRIEF? Two types of brief The PB as memo The PB as publication Internally focused Externally focused Demand-driven Supply-driven Narrowly focused Broadly targeted A general overview of the subject showing multiple opinions or view points Focuses on research that supports the main argument of the brief Might give multiple, and even competing, solutions Gives strong, clear and coordinated policy recommendations or implications
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9. WHY POLICY BRIEFS? The research/ policy divide Source: Phil Davies Impact to Insight Meeting, ODI, 2005 Evidence Experience & Expertise Judgement Resources Values and Policy Context Habits & Tradition Lobbyists & Pressure Groups Pragmatics & Contingencies
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12. WHO ARE POLICY BRIEFS FOR? Author(s) Researchers Policy-oriented research institutes Think tanks Civil society organisations Advocacy organisations International NGOs Multilateral organisations Government bodies Networks/ coalitions of any of the above Audience(s) Non-academic/ non-specialist Decision-makers who may have varying degrees of expertise on a given issue In certain cases may target development practitioners Not usually targeted at the general public
  • 13. PLANNING POLICY BRIEFS: The RAPID Framework Source: Court, J and J Young (2004) ‘Bridging research and policy in international development’. ODI Briefing Paper. London: ODI. The political context – political and economic structures and processes, culture, institutional pressures, incremental vs radical change The evidence – credibility, the degree it challenges received wisdom, research approaches and methodology, simplicity of the message, how it is packaged etc External Influences Socio-economic and cultural influences, donor policies The links between policy and research communities – networks, relationships, power, competing discourses, trust, knowledge
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17. PLANNING POLICY BRIEFS: Considering context When do policy-makers use scientific information in the policy cycle?
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20. CONTENT OF A POLICY BRIEF How to develop main elements
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37.
  • 38. CONCLUSION Source: Adapted from Jones, N and C Walsh (2008) Key ingredients of effective policy briefs Evidence Persuasive Argument Clear purpose; cohesive argument; quality of evidence; transparency of evidence underpinning policy recommendations (e.g. a single study, a review of available evidence, etc.) Authority Messenger (individual or organisation) has credibility in eyes of policy-maker Policy context Audience context specificity Written to address specific context and needs of target audience; Actionable Recommendations Information linked to specific policy processes, clear and feasible recommendations on policy steps to be taken Engagement Presentation of evidence-informed opinions Presentation of author ’ s own views about policy implications of research findings; but clear identification of argument components that are opinion based Clear Language/ Writing Style Understandable by educated, non-specialist Appearance/Design Visually engaging, presentation of information through charts, graphs, photos