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Using The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) in
             Government Enterprise Architecture to Describe the
                                        Business Architecture –

US Government Federal Enterprise Architecture / Federal Segment
         Architecture Methodology (FEA/FSAM) as an Example
                                                                       Presented by
                                               John Polgreen, Ph.D.
                                         Architecting the Enterprise




                                      Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
Welcome!


       Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
Agenda


 Introductions
 Presentation
   Introduction to TOGAF with FEA/FSAM
   Setting the Stage by Visioning
   Conducting the Business Architecture
        Steps
        Artifacts created
 Case Studies
 Panel Discussion / Q&A




                                           Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
Who’s Who

Presenter
John Polgreen     Architecting the Enterprise
Moderator
Simon Lofthouse   The Open Group
Panelists
Judith Jones      Architecting the Enterprise
Ed Harrington     Architecting the Enterprise
Rafal Jablonka    Architecting the Enterprise
Greg Lettow       ComponentWave
Jim Odrowski      ComponentWave
Aleks Buterman    Senseagility
Robert Weisman    Build the Vision
David Epperly     ArchangelIT



                                      Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
Our Approach

 Descriptive, not Critical
 Not in Scope
    Nature of EA – do we
        Align IT with Business
        Architect the Enterprise
    Nature of Business Architecture – is it
        A separate domain
        Holistic sum of all domains
    Status of the Business Architecture Profession – is it
        Part of EA
        Part of Strategic Planning




                                                    Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
Primacy of Business Architecture



Business-led architecture is more successful in meeting
strategic goals, responding to changing mission needs,
and serving citizens’ expectations than technology- or
budget- driven architecture.

                          FEA Practice Guidance




                                    Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
The Situation


   FEA/FSAM very business driven
   FEA has well defined reference architecture for business
   OMB, CIO Council has provided guidance on process
   FSAM provides guidance for segment architectures

But architects may need…
 More granular process information
 More templates, examples of outputs
 Common language




                                                    Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
A Potential Solution


Augment Practice Guidance, FEA, FSAM with TOGAF

   TOGAF ADM has a well defined process for business architecture
   Templates and formats for outputs available
   Accepted globally – provides common language
   Popular EA tools have FEA and TOGAF modules
   TOGAF maps well to FEA, FSAM and FEA Guidance
   TOGAF is meant to to be tailored – don’t throw anything away
   TOGAF ADM can also map to DoDAF




                                                   Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
TOGAF 9


 The Open Group Architecture Framework, v 9
 Developed by consensus in The Open Group
 Federal roots - DoD’s TAFIM
 Architecture Development Method is well proven
 80% of Fortune 50 use TOGAF
 Wide public sector use
   UK Government
   New York State
 Well accepted among Federal contractors




                                              Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
Developing EA with TOGAF




                                                                 Preliminary




                                                       A
       Enterprise Continuum            H                                B


                                  G               Requirements
                                                  Management
                                                                               C

Architecture Development Method        F                                D
                                                        E
                                  Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
FEA Reference Architectures
Approach
Business-Driven




                     Performance Reference Model (PRM)




                                                                                                         Architecture
                                                                                                         Component-Based
                      Business Reference Model (BRM)
                         Service Component Reference Model (SRM)
                           Data Reference Model (DRM)
                           Technical Reference Model (TRM)




                                                         Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
Mapping FEA Practice Guidance to the TOGAF ADM




ADM Phases                     ADM Phase                              ADM Phases
Preliminary                    E – Opportunities and                  F- Migration
A – Vision                     Solutions                              G – Implementation
B – Business Architecture                                             Governance
C – Information Architecture                                          H – Change
D – Technology Architecture                                           Management
Requirements Management




                                                       Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
US Federal Segments and Services




                               Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
FSAM to TOGAF ADM Mapping
     Phase A
      Vision                Phase B
                            Business
                           Architecture
                                          Phases C-D
                                              Data,
                                          Application,
                                           Technology                       Phases E-F
                                          Architectures                    Opportunities
                                                                           and Solution,
                                                                             Migration
                                                                             Planning




14       TOGAF ADM Phase      FSAM Step
                                                    Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
USDA Case Study Conclusions




“TOGAF and the FEA provided a good combination for planning a large
government-based modernization project.”


                                           Greg Lettow, Jim Odrowski




                                               Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
Applying TOGAF to FEA/FSAM
                                                                                                                             Strategic Architecture
 Strategic ADM iteration
    Tailor FEA reference models                                                                                                                                            Preliminary



                                                                                                                                                              A


    Develop strategic architecture                                                                                                       H
                                                                                                                                     Architecture
                                                                                                                                       Change
                                                                                                                                     Management
                                                                                                                                                         Architecture
                                                                                                                                                            Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                   B
                                                                                                                                                                               Business
                                                                                                                                                                              Architecture


        Mile wide, inch deep             Segment Architecture(s)                                                                  G
                                                                                                                                                        Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                           CC
                                                                                                                                                                                      Information
                                                                                                                                                                                       Information
                                                                                                                                                                                        System
                                                                                                                             Implementation                                              System
                                                                                                                                                        Management                   Architectures
                                                                                                                               Governance                                             Architectures

        To-be states in all domains
                                                                                          Preliminary                                    F                                       D


        Gaps                                                                                 Preliminary
                                                                                                   Preliminary
                                                                                                                                      Migration
                                                                                                                                      Planning               E
                                                                                                                                                        Opportunities
                                                                                                                                                                            Technology
                                                                                                                                                                            Architecture

                                                                            A                                                                            & Solutions
                                                                       Architecture

        Transition Strategy                            H
                                                   Architecture
                                                     Change
                                                             H
                                                       Architecture
                                                   Management H
                                                                          Vision
                                                                                 A
                                                                           Architecture
                                                                               Vision
                                                                                      A         B
                                                                                Architecture BusinessB
                                                                                    Vision Architecture
                                                          Change
                                                            Architecture                         Business B
                                                       Management                              Architecture


 Subsequent ADM iterations
                                                              Change                                 Business
                                                           Management                                    C
                                                                                                    Architecture
                                                                                                          C
                                                G                                                  Information
                                                                                                    Information
                                                                                                              C
                                                                      Requirements                   System C
                                          Implementation
                                                    G
                                            Governance
                                              Implementation
                                                         G
                                                                       Management
                                                                          Requirements
                                                                                                      System
                                                                                                        Information
                                                                                                  Architectures C
                                                                                                         Information
                                                                                                   Architectures C
                                                                                                          System
                                                                                                             Information
                                                                                                           System
                                                                                                              Information
                                                                                                                             Capability Architectures
                                                                           Management
                                                                               Requirements            Architectures
                                                Governance                                                     System
                                                                                                        Architectures


    Describe segments
                                                  Implementation                                                System
                                                                                Management                  Architectures
                                                    Governance                                               Architectures
                                                       F                                        D
                                                    Migration                              Technology
                                                            F                                        D
                                                    Planning                               Architecture                                                                     Preliminary
                                                        Migration
                                                                F           E                  TechnologyD


    Describe other enterprise projects                      Migration Opportunities
                                                        Planning                               Architecture
                                                                                                    Technology                                                                   Preliminary
                                                                                 E
                                                             Planning   & Solutions                 Architecture                                                                     Preliminary
                                                                           Opportunities
                                                                                     E
                                                                            & Solutions
                                                                                Opportunities                                                                 A
                                                                                & Solutions                                                              Architecture
                                                                                                                                          H                        A
                                                                                                                                                            Vision


    Collectively describe rich EA
                                                                                                                                     Architecture            Architecture
                                                                                                                                                                        A         B
                                                                                                                                               H
                                                                                                                                       Change                    Vision
                                                                                                                                                                  Architecture Business
                                                                                                                                         Architecture
                                                                                                                                                   H                                   B
                                                                                                                                     Management
                                                                                                                                            Change                    Vision Architecture
                                                                                                                                                                                   Business
                                                                                                                                              Architecture                                 B
                                                                                                                                        Management
                                                                                                                                                Change                           Architecture
                                                                                                                                                                                       Business
                                                                                                                                              Management                                    C
                                                                                                                                                                                       Architecture
                                                                                                                                                                                             C
                                                                                                                                   G                                                  Information
                                                                                                                                                                                       Information
                                                                                                                                                                                                 C
                                                                                                                             Implementation
                                                                                                                                                         Requirements                   System C
                                                                                                                                                                                         System
                                                                                                                                                                                           Information
                                                                                                                                       G
                                                                                                                               Governance
                                                                                                                                                         Management
                                                                                                                                                            Requirements             Architectures C
                                                                                                                                                                                            Information
                                                                                                                                                                                      Architectures C
                                                                                                                                 Implementation                                              System
                                                                                                                                                                                                Information
                                                                                                                                                                                              System
                                                                                                                                            G                Management                          Information
                                                                                                                                   Governance                   Requirements              Architectures
                                                                                                                                                                                                  System
                                                                                                                                                                                           Architectures
                                                                                                                                     Implementation                                                System
                                                                                                                                                                  Management                   Architectures
                                                                                                                                       Governance                                               Architectures
                                                                                                                                          F                                       D
                                                                                                                                       Migration                             TechnologyD
                                                                                                                                               F
                                                                                                                                       Planning                E             Architecture
                                                                                                                                                                                 Technology
                                                                                                                                           Migration
                                                                                                                                                   F                                       D
                                                                                                                                                Migration Opportunities
                                                                                                                                           Planning                 E            Architecture
                                                                                                                                                                                      Technology
                                                                                                                                                Planning & Solutions E
                                                                                                                                                             Opportunities            Architecture
                                                                                                                                                              & Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                  Opportunities
                                                                                                                                                                   & Solutions




                                                                                 Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
Grants Architecture for Agency X


 Agency X gives grants to qualified residents
 They need to improve all aspects of their grants program
 They wish to use Grants.gov as a template
 Immediate need is to improve grant disbursement capability




                                        Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
Steps of the Vision Phase


                                        Establish Architecture Project

                          Preliminary   Identify Stakeholders Concerns & Requirements

                                        Confirm Business Goals, Drivers & Constraints

              A                         Evaluate Business Capabilities

                                        Assess Readiness for Business Transformation
     H                     B
                                        Define Scope

                                        Confirm Principles

           Requirements                 Develop Architecture Vision
G          Management
                                  C
                                        Define Target Architecture Value Proposition

                                        Identify Business Transformation Risks

     F                    D             Develop Statement of Architecture Work

               E
                                                  Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
Example Stakeholder Map




SLIDE 19 of 34              Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
Steps of Vision Phase


                                        Establish Architecture Project

                          Preliminary   Identify Stakeholders Concerns & Requirements

                                        Confirm Business Goals, Drivers & Constraints

              A                         Evaluate Business Capabilities

                                        Assess Readiness for Business Transformation
     H                     B
                                        Define Scope

                                        Confirm Principles

           Requirements                 Develop Architecture Vision
G          Management
                                  C
                                        Define Target Architecture Value Proposition

                                        Identify Business Transformation Risks

     F                    D             Develop Statement of Architecture Work

               E
                                                  Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
Business Transformation Readiness Assessment




SLIDE 21                            Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
Steps of the Vision Phase


                                        Establish Architecture Project

                          Preliminary   Identify Stakeholders Concerns & Requirements

                                        Confirm Business Goals, Drivers & Constraints

              A                         Evaluate Business Capabilities

                                        Assess Readiness for Business Transformation
     H                     B
                                        Define Scope

                                        Confirm Principles

           Requirements                 Develop Architecture Vision
G          Management
                                  C
                                        Define Target Architecture Value Proposition

                                        Identify Business Transformation Risks

     F                    D             Develop Statement of Architecture Work

               E
                                                  Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
Value Chain Diagram




                      Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
Solution Concept Diagram




                           Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
Steps of the Vision Phase


                                        Establish Architecture Project

                          Preliminary   Identify Stakeholders Concerns & Requirements

                                        Confirm Business Goals, Drivers & Constraints

              A                         Evaluate Business Capabilities

                                        Assess Readiness for Business Transformation
     H                     B
                                        Define Scope

                                        Confirm Principles

           Requirements                 Develop Architecture Vision
G          Management
                                  C
                                        Define Target Architecture Value Proposition

                                        Identify Business Transformation Risks

     F                    D             Develop Statement of Architecture Work

               E
                                                  Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
Business Reference Model Definition


The BRM provides a framework facilitating a functional (rather than
organizational) view of the federal government’s lines of business (LoBs),
including its internal operations and its services for citizens, independent of
the agencies, bureaus and offices performing them.
                                           Consolidated Reference Models




In many governments, horizontal interoperability and shared services are
emerging as cornerstones of their e-Government implementations and
capability-based management is also prominent although under many guises.

                                                                         TOGAF 9




                                                    Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
BRM Overview




               Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
Business Architecture Phase

                          Preliminary




               A                                 Business Architecture
                                                 • Describe As-is BRM
                                                 • Describe To-be BRM
     H                     B                     • Conduct Gap Analysis
                                                 • Populate PRM Indicators




 G         Requirements            C
           Management




     F                    D
                 E
                                        Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
Steps of the Business Architecture Phase



                                     Select Reference Models, Viewpoints
                       Preliminary
                                     Develop Baseline Description

          A                          Develop Target Description

    H                    B           Perform Gap Analysis
                       Business
                                     Define Roadmap Components

G       Requirements
                              C      Resolve Impacts
        Management
                                     Conduct Stakeholder Review

                                     Finalize the Architecture
    F                  D
            E                        Create Architecture Definition Document




                                                    Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
Taxonomy of
                             Artifacts
                              part of the
                              Content
                              Framework




Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
Commonalities – TOGAF Artifacts with FSAM

 Many artifacts are common to both
     business function model
     business value chain
     business process model
     conceptual data model
     business data mapped to key business processes




                                                Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
Actor/Role Matrix

                                                  Business Unit                 3rd Party                     Implementation
                                                     Actors                      Actors                           Actors

                                                                                                Technical
                                     Business     Architecture    Procurement   Solution         Design           Service          Service
Activity                           Project Team      Team         Commercial    Provider        Authority      Introduction      Management


Publish functional requirements        AR              C

 Publish non-functional
requirements                           AR              C                                            C                C                  I

Publish logical architecture            A              C                                            R                I

Provide reference architecture &
guidelines                                                                                         AR

Issue RFP or specification (as
appropriate)                            R              C              A             I               C

Complete QG2 checklist                  C              C               I                            C               AR                  I




                                                                                        Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
Business Interaction Matrix
                                                                                                        Providing Organisation Unit




                                                                                                     Sales, Procurement and




                                                                                                                                                                       Human Resources
                                                                  Customer Service




                                                                                                                                                                                                     General Counsel
                                                                                                         Manufacturing




                                                                                                                                          Engineering
                                   Customer Service                                     Time-to-Market                                                   Enterprise                       Enterprise
                                                                                                                                                        Management &                     Management &
                                                                                                                                                          Support                          Support
                              Sales, Procurement and Customer Service                  Sales & Marketing                      Build-to-Order             Enterprise                       Enterprise
Consuming Organisation Unit




                                       Manufacturing                                                                                                    Management &                     Management &
                                                                                                                                                          Support                          Support
                                         Engineering                                    Time-to-Market                                                   Enterprise                        Supplier
                                                                                     Supplier Collaboration                                             Management &                     Collaboration
                                                                                                                                                          Support                         Enterprise
                                                                                                                                                                                         Management &
                                                                                                                                                                                           Support
                                   Human Resources                                                                                                                                        Enterprise
                                                                                                                                                                                         Management &
                                                                                                                                                                                           Support
                                    General Counsel                                                                                                      Enterprise
                                                                                                                                                        Management &
                                                                                                                                                          Support




                                                                                                                                   Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
Data Entity / Business Function Matrix


Logical Data Components Map to Business
                Functions
                        Business Function 1   Business Function 2     Business Function 3          Business Function 4


Logical Data Entity 1

Logical Data Entity 2

Logical Data Entity 3

Logical Data Entity 4

Logical Data Entity 5

Logical Data Entity 6




                                                                    Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
Business
Footprint
Diagram




            Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
Service/Information Diagram




                              Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
Functional Decomposition Diagram
                Support                                                                             Primary


                                       Human                                 Marketing
                                                       Business
   Admin              Finance                                                    &               Engineering          Inventory       Manufacturing    Distribution
                                      Resources        Planning
                                                                               Sales




Manage Public     Develop & Track     Plan Human        Formulate      Develop New       Research and         Plan Material        Plan           Engineer
                                                                                           Develop                             Manufacturing
  Relations        Financial Plan      Resources         Strategy        Business         Technology          Requirements     Requirements       Packages


                                       Acquire         Develop and       Establish                             Procure
 Provide Legal      Appropriate                                                            Engineer and                        Perform Quality        Ship
                                        Human            Maintain        Customer                             Equipment
   Services            Funds          Resources        Business Plan                     Design Products    Material & Tools      Engineering     Products
                                                                       Requirements

   Perform         Develop &            Develop                         Obtain Sales     Engineer and           Manage             Convert
    Audit          Manage                                                                   Design                                Resources
  & Controls       Product Cost       Employees                        Commitments        Processes             Suppliers         to Product

                                       Provide                           Provide
    Manage            Manage                                                              Design Tools          Manage              Control
                                      Employee                          Customer
Transportation        Payables         Services                          Support         and Equipment         Inventory          Production


                                                                                            Manage                             Maintain Plant
   Maintain           Manage         Manage Union                                         Engineering                           Equipment &
   Facilities       Receivables        Activities                                          Changes                                 Tools


   Provide                                                                                                                        Manage
                                    Terminate Active                                                                              Warranty
 Administrative    Manage Assets
   Services                           Employment                                                                                  Activities




                                                                                                         Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
Steps of the Business Architecture Phase



                                     Select Reference Models, Viewpoints
                       Preliminary
                                     Develop Baseline Description

          A                          Develop Target Description

    H                    B           Perform Gap Analysis
                       Business
                                     Define Roadmap Components

                                     Resolve Impacts
G       Requirements
                              C      Conduct Stakeholder Review
        Management

                                     Finalize the Architecture

    F                  D             Create Architecture Definition Document

            E


                                                Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
Value Proposition: TOGAF Business Architecture


 TOGAF ADM Business Phase maps well to FEA/FSAM
     provides needed process detail
 TOGAF supplies templates and examples
 TOGAF is an open standard
     technology and vendor neutral
     intended to be tailored
     Inexpensive to use




                                       Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
Value Proposition: TOGAF Business Architecture


 TOGAF is industry standard
 Consulting resources are available
     10,000+ TOGAF Certified Architects globally
     Many among large Federal contractors
     Small firms also available
 TOGAF simplifies communication with
     Architecture teams
     Vendors
     Consultants




                                                    Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
Next Steps

 For the Community
      Study federal EA business architecture problems – is TOGAF a fit?
 For Agencies
      Visit www.opengroup.org – download TOGAF
      Get someone on your EA team trained/certified
      Tailor the FEA/FSAM using TOGAF
      Develop, implement and manage your business architecture




                                                  Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
USDA Agency A Vision Development

 USDA recognizes TOGAF alongside FEA
 Agency A needed to begin an EA program to satisfy OMB
 CIO was very supportive – supported ADM – started Vision Phase
      went with me to 10 Offices
      Had me conduct interviews
      Held Vision Workshop
      Supported development of Vision Document
 Vision very well received
 Vision immediately used by CPIC for purchase decisions
 Some difficulty moving past Vision
    Vision was ‘slick’ - confused with full EA
    Business owners reluctant to detail Business Architecture




                                                      Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
USDA Agency B – Bus Arch Driving IT Modernization

 Key Catalogs
       Driver / Goal / Objective (based on FEA-PRM)
       Bus Svc / Function Catalog (based on FEA-BRM)
       Current Systems Catalog
       Requirements Catalog
 Key Matrices
     Performance Objectives (FEA-PRM) to Business Functions (FEA-BRM)
     Current Systems to Business Functions (FEA-BRM)
     Target Requirements to Business Functions (FEA-BRM)
 Insights / Benefits
     Bus Arch is foundation for scoping and Bus / IT alignment
     Current to Target matrices facilitated migration planning
     Answered key questions: Bus. areas under-supported? Areas most important? High
      IT costs / duplication? System migration targets? Commonality across domain?
►   Jim Odrowski & Greg Lettow - ComponentWave, Inc.


                                                        Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
Business Architecture at GSA

 Context: ONE GSA EA developed by Data Access Technologies, Inc.
    Mile wide – inch deep view of the entire agency
    Based primarily on a “Value Chain” perspective modeled in accordance with the OMG
     Model Driven Architecture (MDA) at the highest (CIM) level
    Equivalent to a TOGAF 9’s Business Architecture at the Strategic level
 Resulted in the definition on numerous Business Segments
    Vertical - the Businesses of the Agency: PBS and FSS
    Horizontal – supporting the Agency: Finance, HR, Acquisition, etc.
 Next were “deep dives” into a number of the segments (still ongoing)
    Always initially from a top-down Business perspective (MDA – CIM)
    Then developed a platform independent model (OMG PIM) equivalent to TOGAF 9’s
     Data and Applications Architecture
    Finally a platform specific model (OMG PSM) equivalent to TOGAF 9’s Technical
     Architecture
 Key benefit: “Line of Site”: from Business to Technology and back

                                                         Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
Poland Government Example

 One attempt to create a government EA framework based on TOGAF in 2006,
  abandoned after the nearest ellections...
 Some top-level regulations touching EA matters exist – resulting from
  European Interoperability Framework – with not so visible impact in real-world
 Currently – in terms of EA and TOGAF - ‘bottom-up’ approach works pretty OK
  – several ministries using fragments of TOGAF on the project / system level.
 A few trying to implement bits of EA governance, content framework and
  adapt ADM – in conjunction with Prince2 and ITIL
 The most active departments: Min. of Finance (tax and customs), Min. of
  Health, Min. of Labour&Social Security, Min. of Interior
    No formal recognition of TOGAF as mandated framework, but...
    Proven TOGAF knowledge and excpectation of its „appropriate use” start to be a
     default requirements in majority of big tenders for systems delivery
    Main goal is to harmonise e-government initiatives and enable them to utilise a
     cross-government integration platform (which is being built by the Ministry of
     Interior), in a common, unified way

                                                       Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
Poland Government Example

Messages:
 Even without centralised, top level FEAF–like framework and organisation,
  usage of TOGAF brings similar perspective, language and understanding into
  otherwise isolated initiatives
 Suppliers appreciate when administration “speaks” TOGAF – this means that
  chances for “civilsied” co-operation and fruitful project completion are bigger
 Start small, grow when you can!
  Starting from defining principles, fixed set of well-defined artifacts and
  products (consistently requested in every new project, and in a form of a
  repository!), and nominating 2-4 people devoted to EA and TOGAF can make a
  huge difference...
 Ministeries “borrow” from each other eagerly... When something works fine in
  one place, others will follow without waiting for the command from the top
  (usually...)


                                                  Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
Business Architecture
     Providing a Context for Business Value for the Enterprise

                                                 Business
                 Government Outcomes              Value

                                                 Business
           Strategic Departmental Outcomes        Value

                                                 Business
                Core Program Outcomes             Value            Business
                                                                  Architecture
                                                 Business
                  Mandated Programs               Value              Focus
                                                                         Defining
                                                                         Business
                                                 Business
                    Critical Enablers             Value
                                                                          Value


                                                 Business
Enabling            Internal Services             Value
Programs                                                          Detailed Business
                                                                   Requirements
           Info Mgt Info Tech   HR, Fin, …



                                             Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
Questions?

Panelist Contact Information


John Polgreen            johnpolgreen@architecting-the-enterprise.com
Judith Jones             judith@architecting-the-enterprise.com
Ed Harrington            Ed.Harrington@architecting-the-enterprise.com
Rafal Jablonka           Rafal Jablonka@architecting-the-enterprise.com
Greg Lettow              glettow@componentwave.com
Jim Odrowski             jodrowski@componentwave.com
Aleks Buterman           aleks.buterman@senseagility.com
Robert Weisman           robert.weisman@buildthevision.ca
David Epperly            david.epperly@archangelit.com


                                                 Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010

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Using togaf™ in government_enterprise_architecture_to_describe_the_business_architecture_02_nov11

  • 1. Using The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) in Government Enterprise Architecture to Describe the Business Architecture – US Government Federal Enterprise Architecture / Federal Segment Architecture Methodology (FEA/FSAM) as an Example Presented by John Polgreen, Ph.D. Architecting the Enterprise Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 2. Welcome! Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 3. Agenda  Introductions  Presentation  Introduction to TOGAF with FEA/FSAM  Setting the Stage by Visioning  Conducting the Business Architecture  Steps  Artifacts created  Case Studies  Panel Discussion / Q&A Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 4. Who’s Who Presenter John Polgreen Architecting the Enterprise Moderator Simon Lofthouse The Open Group Panelists Judith Jones Architecting the Enterprise Ed Harrington Architecting the Enterprise Rafal Jablonka Architecting the Enterprise Greg Lettow ComponentWave Jim Odrowski ComponentWave Aleks Buterman Senseagility Robert Weisman Build the Vision David Epperly ArchangelIT Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 5. Our Approach  Descriptive, not Critical  Not in Scope  Nature of EA – do we  Align IT with Business  Architect the Enterprise  Nature of Business Architecture – is it  A separate domain  Holistic sum of all domains  Status of the Business Architecture Profession – is it  Part of EA  Part of Strategic Planning Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 6. Primacy of Business Architecture Business-led architecture is more successful in meeting strategic goals, responding to changing mission needs, and serving citizens’ expectations than technology- or budget- driven architecture. FEA Practice Guidance Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 7. The Situation  FEA/FSAM very business driven  FEA has well defined reference architecture for business  OMB, CIO Council has provided guidance on process  FSAM provides guidance for segment architectures But architects may need…  More granular process information  More templates, examples of outputs  Common language Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 8. A Potential Solution Augment Practice Guidance, FEA, FSAM with TOGAF  TOGAF ADM has a well defined process for business architecture  Templates and formats for outputs available  Accepted globally – provides common language  Popular EA tools have FEA and TOGAF modules  TOGAF maps well to FEA, FSAM and FEA Guidance  TOGAF is meant to to be tailored – don’t throw anything away  TOGAF ADM can also map to DoDAF Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 9. TOGAF 9  The Open Group Architecture Framework, v 9  Developed by consensus in The Open Group  Federal roots - DoD’s TAFIM  Architecture Development Method is well proven  80% of Fortune 50 use TOGAF  Wide public sector use  UK Government  New York State  Well accepted among Federal contractors Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 10. Developing EA with TOGAF Preliminary A Enterprise Continuum H B G Requirements Management C Architecture Development Method F D E Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 11. FEA Reference Architectures Approach Business-Driven Performance Reference Model (PRM) Architecture Component-Based Business Reference Model (BRM) Service Component Reference Model (SRM) Data Reference Model (DRM) Technical Reference Model (TRM) Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 12. Mapping FEA Practice Guidance to the TOGAF ADM ADM Phases ADM Phase ADM Phases Preliminary E – Opportunities and F- Migration A – Vision Solutions G – Implementation B – Business Architecture Governance C – Information Architecture H – Change D – Technology Architecture Management Requirements Management Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 13. US Federal Segments and Services Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 14. FSAM to TOGAF ADM Mapping Phase A Vision Phase B Business Architecture Phases C-D Data, Application, Technology Phases E-F Architectures Opportunities and Solution, Migration Planning 14 TOGAF ADM Phase FSAM Step Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 15. USDA Case Study Conclusions “TOGAF and the FEA provided a good combination for planning a large government-based modernization project.” Greg Lettow, Jim Odrowski Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 16. Applying TOGAF to FEA/FSAM Strategic Architecture  Strategic ADM iteration  Tailor FEA reference models Preliminary A  Develop strategic architecture H Architecture Change Management Architecture Vision B Business Architecture  Mile wide, inch deep Segment Architecture(s) G Requirements CC Information Information System Implementation System Management Architectures Governance Architectures  To-be states in all domains Preliminary F D  Gaps Preliminary Preliminary Migration Planning E Opportunities Technology Architecture A & Solutions Architecture  Transition Strategy H Architecture Change H Architecture Management H Vision A Architecture Vision A B Architecture BusinessB Vision Architecture Change Architecture Business B Management Architecture  Subsequent ADM iterations Change Business Management C Architecture C G Information Information C Requirements System C Implementation G Governance Implementation G Management Requirements System Information Architectures C Information Architectures C System Information System Information Capability Architectures Management Requirements Architectures Governance System Architectures  Describe segments Implementation System Management Architectures Governance Architectures F D Migration Technology F D Planning Architecture Preliminary Migration F E TechnologyD  Describe other enterprise projects Migration Opportunities Planning Architecture Technology Preliminary E Planning & Solutions Architecture Preliminary Opportunities E & Solutions Opportunities A & Solutions Architecture H A Vision  Collectively describe rich EA Architecture Architecture A B H Change Vision Architecture Business Architecture H B Management Change Vision Architecture Business Architecture B Management Change Architecture Business Management C Architecture C G Information Information C Implementation Requirements System C System Information G Governance Management Requirements Architectures C Information Architectures C Implementation System Information System G Management Information Governance Requirements Architectures System Architectures Implementation System Management Architectures Governance Architectures F D Migration TechnologyD F Planning E Architecture Technology Migration F D Migration Opportunities Planning E Architecture Technology Planning & Solutions E Opportunities Architecture & Solutions Opportunities & Solutions Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 17. Grants Architecture for Agency X  Agency X gives grants to qualified residents  They need to improve all aspects of their grants program  They wish to use Grants.gov as a template  Immediate need is to improve grant disbursement capability Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 18. Steps of the Vision Phase Establish Architecture Project Preliminary Identify Stakeholders Concerns & Requirements Confirm Business Goals, Drivers & Constraints A Evaluate Business Capabilities Assess Readiness for Business Transformation H B Define Scope Confirm Principles Requirements Develop Architecture Vision G Management C Define Target Architecture Value Proposition Identify Business Transformation Risks F D Develop Statement of Architecture Work E Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 19. Example Stakeholder Map SLIDE 19 of 34 Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 20. Steps of Vision Phase Establish Architecture Project Preliminary Identify Stakeholders Concerns & Requirements Confirm Business Goals, Drivers & Constraints A Evaluate Business Capabilities Assess Readiness for Business Transformation H B Define Scope Confirm Principles Requirements Develop Architecture Vision G Management C Define Target Architecture Value Proposition Identify Business Transformation Risks F D Develop Statement of Architecture Work E Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 21. Business Transformation Readiness Assessment SLIDE 21 Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 22. Steps of the Vision Phase Establish Architecture Project Preliminary Identify Stakeholders Concerns & Requirements Confirm Business Goals, Drivers & Constraints A Evaluate Business Capabilities Assess Readiness for Business Transformation H B Define Scope Confirm Principles Requirements Develop Architecture Vision G Management C Define Target Architecture Value Proposition Identify Business Transformation Risks F D Develop Statement of Architecture Work E Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 23. Value Chain Diagram Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 24. Solution Concept Diagram Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 25. Steps of the Vision Phase Establish Architecture Project Preliminary Identify Stakeholders Concerns & Requirements Confirm Business Goals, Drivers & Constraints A Evaluate Business Capabilities Assess Readiness for Business Transformation H B Define Scope Confirm Principles Requirements Develop Architecture Vision G Management C Define Target Architecture Value Proposition Identify Business Transformation Risks F D Develop Statement of Architecture Work E Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 26. Business Reference Model Definition The BRM provides a framework facilitating a functional (rather than organizational) view of the federal government’s lines of business (LoBs), including its internal operations and its services for citizens, independent of the agencies, bureaus and offices performing them. Consolidated Reference Models In many governments, horizontal interoperability and shared services are emerging as cornerstones of their e-Government implementations and capability-based management is also prominent although under many guises. TOGAF 9 Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 27. BRM Overview Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 28. Business Architecture Phase Preliminary A Business Architecture • Describe As-is BRM • Describe To-be BRM H B • Conduct Gap Analysis • Populate PRM Indicators G Requirements C Management F D E Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 29. Steps of the Business Architecture Phase Select Reference Models, Viewpoints Preliminary Develop Baseline Description A Develop Target Description H B Perform Gap Analysis Business Define Roadmap Components G Requirements C Resolve Impacts Management Conduct Stakeholder Review Finalize the Architecture F D E Create Architecture Definition Document Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 30. Taxonomy of Artifacts part of the Content Framework Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 31. Commonalities – TOGAF Artifacts with FSAM  Many artifacts are common to both  business function model  business value chain  business process model  conceptual data model  business data mapped to key business processes Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 32. Actor/Role Matrix Business Unit 3rd Party Implementation Actors Actors Actors Technical Business Architecture Procurement Solution Design Service Service Activity Project Team Team Commercial Provider Authority Introduction Management Publish functional requirements AR C Publish non-functional requirements AR C C C I Publish logical architecture A C R I Provide reference architecture & guidelines AR Issue RFP or specification (as appropriate) R C A I C Complete QG2 checklist C C I C AR I Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 33. Business Interaction Matrix Providing Organisation Unit Sales, Procurement and Human Resources Customer Service General Counsel Manufacturing Engineering Customer Service Time-to-Market Enterprise Enterprise Management & Management & Support Support Sales, Procurement and Customer Service Sales & Marketing Build-to-Order Enterprise Enterprise Consuming Organisation Unit Manufacturing Management & Management & Support Support Engineering Time-to-Market Enterprise Supplier Supplier Collaboration Management & Collaboration Support Enterprise Management & Support Human Resources Enterprise Management & Support General Counsel Enterprise Management & Support Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 34. Data Entity / Business Function Matrix Logical Data Components Map to Business Functions Business Function 1 Business Function 2 Business Function 3 Business Function 4 Logical Data Entity 1 Logical Data Entity 2 Logical Data Entity 3 Logical Data Entity 4 Logical Data Entity 5 Logical Data Entity 6 Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 35. Business Footprint Diagram Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 36. Service/Information Diagram Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 37. Functional Decomposition Diagram Support Primary Human Marketing Business Admin Finance & Engineering Inventory Manufacturing Distribution Resources Planning Sales Manage Public Develop & Track Plan Human Formulate Develop New Research and Plan Material Plan Engineer Develop Manufacturing Relations Financial Plan Resources Strategy Business Technology Requirements Requirements Packages Acquire Develop and Establish Procure Provide Legal Appropriate Engineer and Perform Quality Ship Human Maintain Customer Equipment Services Funds Resources Business Plan Design Products Material & Tools Engineering Products Requirements Perform Develop & Develop Obtain Sales Engineer and Manage Convert Audit Manage Design Resources & Controls Product Cost Employees Commitments Processes Suppliers to Product Provide Provide Manage Manage Design Tools Manage Control Employee Customer Transportation Payables Services Support and Equipment Inventory Production Manage Maintain Plant Maintain Manage Manage Union Engineering Equipment & Facilities Receivables Activities Changes Tools Provide Manage Terminate Active Warranty Administrative Manage Assets Services Employment Activities Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 38. Steps of the Business Architecture Phase Select Reference Models, Viewpoints Preliminary Develop Baseline Description A Develop Target Description H B Perform Gap Analysis Business Define Roadmap Components Resolve Impacts G Requirements C Conduct Stakeholder Review Management Finalize the Architecture F D Create Architecture Definition Document E Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 39. Value Proposition: TOGAF Business Architecture  TOGAF ADM Business Phase maps well to FEA/FSAM  provides needed process detail  TOGAF supplies templates and examples  TOGAF is an open standard  technology and vendor neutral  intended to be tailored  Inexpensive to use Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 40. Value Proposition: TOGAF Business Architecture  TOGAF is industry standard  Consulting resources are available  10,000+ TOGAF Certified Architects globally  Many among large Federal contractors  Small firms also available  TOGAF simplifies communication with  Architecture teams  Vendors  Consultants Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 41. Next Steps  For the Community  Study federal EA business architecture problems – is TOGAF a fit?  For Agencies  Visit www.opengroup.org – download TOGAF  Get someone on your EA team trained/certified  Tailor the FEA/FSAM using TOGAF  Develop, implement and manage your business architecture Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 42. USDA Agency A Vision Development  USDA recognizes TOGAF alongside FEA  Agency A needed to begin an EA program to satisfy OMB  CIO was very supportive – supported ADM – started Vision Phase  went with me to 10 Offices  Had me conduct interviews  Held Vision Workshop  Supported development of Vision Document  Vision very well received  Vision immediately used by CPIC for purchase decisions  Some difficulty moving past Vision  Vision was ‘slick’ - confused with full EA  Business owners reluctant to detail Business Architecture Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 43. USDA Agency B – Bus Arch Driving IT Modernization  Key Catalogs  Driver / Goal / Objective (based on FEA-PRM)  Bus Svc / Function Catalog (based on FEA-BRM)  Current Systems Catalog  Requirements Catalog  Key Matrices  Performance Objectives (FEA-PRM) to Business Functions (FEA-BRM)  Current Systems to Business Functions (FEA-BRM)  Target Requirements to Business Functions (FEA-BRM)  Insights / Benefits  Bus Arch is foundation for scoping and Bus / IT alignment  Current to Target matrices facilitated migration planning  Answered key questions: Bus. areas under-supported? Areas most important? High IT costs / duplication? System migration targets? Commonality across domain? ► Jim Odrowski & Greg Lettow - ComponentWave, Inc. Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 44. Business Architecture at GSA  Context: ONE GSA EA developed by Data Access Technologies, Inc.  Mile wide – inch deep view of the entire agency  Based primarily on a “Value Chain” perspective modeled in accordance with the OMG Model Driven Architecture (MDA) at the highest (CIM) level  Equivalent to a TOGAF 9’s Business Architecture at the Strategic level  Resulted in the definition on numerous Business Segments  Vertical - the Businesses of the Agency: PBS and FSS  Horizontal – supporting the Agency: Finance, HR, Acquisition, etc.  Next were “deep dives” into a number of the segments (still ongoing)  Always initially from a top-down Business perspective (MDA – CIM)  Then developed a platform independent model (OMG PIM) equivalent to TOGAF 9’s Data and Applications Architecture  Finally a platform specific model (OMG PSM) equivalent to TOGAF 9’s Technical Architecture  Key benefit: “Line of Site”: from Business to Technology and back Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 45. Poland Government Example  One attempt to create a government EA framework based on TOGAF in 2006, abandoned after the nearest ellections...  Some top-level regulations touching EA matters exist – resulting from European Interoperability Framework – with not so visible impact in real-world  Currently – in terms of EA and TOGAF - ‘bottom-up’ approach works pretty OK – several ministries using fragments of TOGAF on the project / system level.  A few trying to implement bits of EA governance, content framework and adapt ADM – in conjunction with Prince2 and ITIL  The most active departments: Min. of Finance (tax and customs), Min. of Health, Min. of Labour&Social Security, Min. of Interior  No formal recognition of TOGAF as mandated framework, but...  Proven TOGAF knowledge and excpectation of its „appropriate use” start to be a default requirements in majority of big tenders for systems delivery  Main goal is to harmonise e-government initiatives and enable them to utilise a cross-government integration platform (which is being built by the Ministry of Interior), in a common, unified way Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 46. Poland Government Example Messages:  Even without centralised, top level FEAF–like framework and organisation, usage of TOGAF brings similar perspective, language and understanding into otherwise isolated initiatives  Suppliers appreciate when administration “speaks” TOGAF – this means that chances for “civilsied” co-operation and fruitful project completion are bigger  Start small, grow when you can! Starting from defining principles, fixed set of well-defined artifacts and products (consistently requested in every new project, and in a form of a repository!), and nominating 2-4 people devoted to EA and TOGAF can make a huge difference...  Ministeries “borrow” from each other eagerly... When something works fine in one place, others will follow without waiting for the command from the top (usually...) Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 47. Business Architecture Providing a Context for Business Value for the Enterprise Business Government Outcomes Value Business Strategic Departmental Outcomes Value Business Core Program Outcomes Value Business Architecture Business Mandated Programs Value Focus Defining Business Business Critical Enablers Value Value Business Enabling Internal Services Value Programs Detailed Business Requirements Info Mgt Info Tech HR, Fin, … Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010
  • 48. Questions? Panelist Contact Information John Polgreen johnpolgreen@architecting-the-enterprise.com Judith Jones judith@architecting-the-enterprise.com Ed Harrington Ed.Harrington@architecting-the-enterprise.com Rafal Jablonka Rafal Jablonka@architecting-the-enterprise.com Greg Lettow glettow@componentwave.com Jim Odrowski jodrowski@componentwave.com Aleks Buterman aleks.buterman@senseagility.com Robert Weisman robert.weisman@buildthevision.ca David Epperly david.epperly@archangelit.com Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2010