Marine Environment Monitoring of Fukushima Nuclear Accident (2 June 2011)
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Marine Environment Monitoring of Fukushima Nuclear Accident (2 June 2011)
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Marine Environment Monitoring of Fukushima Nuclear Accident (2 June 2011)
- 1. Marine Environment Monitoring Assessment of IAEA Environment Laboratories on Data from the Marine Environment provided by Japan Update 1 June 2011 IAEA Environment Laboratories, Monaco H. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency
- 2. General comments • The contamination of the marine environment has occurred both through atmospheric fallout or washout with precipitation, and through discharges of contaminated water into the sea • Discharge to the marine environment decreased significantly over time since end of March; concluding from the near field concentration measurements, up to now, more than 99 % of the activity was discharged between 28th of March and 11th of April. • There is a further continuous discharge of contaminated water into the marine environment with variable activities and activity ratios between I-131 and the two dominating radio-caesium nuclides. • TEPCO and MEXT are continuing to conduct programmes for sea water sampling and to perform measurements. Also marine food and several sediment stations are now monitored. IAEA H. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc 2 June 2011
- 3. Activity concentration in sea water at the screen of Unit 2 The activity concentrations of I-131, Cs-134 and Cs-137 (in Bq/L) in sea water at the screen of Unit 2 from 15 May 2011 until 29 May 2011 Concentration levels end of March/ beginning of April were about three orders of magnitude higher IAEA H. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc 2 June 2011
- 4. Seawater sampling carried out by TEPCO and MEXT Sampling locations for seawater • TEPCO is sampling four near- shore stations (TEPCO1-4) • Since 5th of April six points situated 15 km off-shore along a north-south transect (TEPCO 5-10). More near shore stations have been also started to be sampled. • MEXT collects seawater on off- shore stations IAEA H. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc 2 June 2011
- 5. Concentrations in sea water near discharge point of TEPCO 1-4 IAEA H. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc 2 June 2011
- 6. Concentrations in sea water near discharge point of TEPCO 1-4 IAEA H. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc 2 June 2011
- 7. Concentrations in sea water at sampling locations of TEPCO 5 - 10 IAEA H. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc 2 June 2011
- 8. Concentrations in sea water at sampling locations of TEPCO 5 - 10 IAEA H. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc 2 June 2011
- 9. Concentrations in sea water at sampling locations of TEPCO 11 - 20 Levels of I-131 at these locations are now below the limit of detection (about 10 Bq/L) IAEA H. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc 2 June 2011
- 10. Sediment monitoring stations Highest levels are detected near the coast. The contamination of the sea floor indicates some adsorption on particles and removal from the water column into the sediment. Detection limits: I-131: ~ 1 Bq/kg Cs-134: ~ 1 Bq/kg Cs-137: ~ 0.8 Bq/kg IAEA H. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc 2 June 2011
- 11. Conclusions on the impact to the marine environment • The highest levels of radioactive substances are still measured close to the Nuclear Power Stations Fukushima, namely at the screen of Unit 2, 30 m, 330 m and 10 km near-shore. The levels showed a decreasing trend until beginning of May but remained relatively constant since then. • Higher activities are also found in surface sediments near the discharge areas of the NPPs. • Concentration data from about 30 km off-shore are lower and most of the analyses were below the limit of detection at the applied methods (about 10 Bq/L). • There is a continuous outflow of contaminated water from the site, which keeps the levels on the monitoring stations of TEPCO near the shore relatively constant. IAEA H. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc 2 June 2011
- 12. Conclusions • In recent days, a significant increase of I-131 and - to a less extent Cs-134/Cs-137 - near the discharge area was observed • Further dilution in the Pacific will lead to lower concentrations of longer lived radionuclides. Traces from the releases from Fukushima NPPs will be taken up by the Kuroshio- current system in the north Pacific and transported across the Ocean. • It will be possible to follow these traces – mainly Cs-137 and Cs-134 - over the next few years in the northern Pacific • IAEA environmental Laboratories in Monaco is invited to be part of international teams to measure these impact to the Pacific, however IAEA-EL will support and co-ordinate initiated environment assessment studies IAEA H. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc 2 June 2011
- 13. Environment assessment studies • Proposal to the Board of Governors for a project in support of a marine benchmark study on the impact of the Fukushima radioactive releases in the Pacific Region • The project will build on the achievements of TC project RAS/7/016 (Establishing a Benchmark for Assessing the Radiological Impact of Nuclear Power Activities on the Marine Environment in the Asia-Pacific region (RCA)), which will be completed by the end of 2011. • Data collected under RAS/7/016 will provide pre-Fukushima baseline data, against which data collected under the proposed new project can be measured. • The proposed project will also support a coordinated approach to gathering field data and to the assessment of radiological impact to the marine environment. • The project has a proposed starting date of 1 July 2011, as it is in the best interests of the RCA Member States to collect essential data promptly for eventual comparison. IAEA H. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc 2 June 2011
- 14. Environment assessment studies • Proposal for an International Validation of the Radiological Contamination of the Terrestrial and Marine Environment from Fukushima radioactive releases • Preparation of a CRP on benchmarking models for oceans dispersion and transfer of radionuclide releases as consequence of the Fukushima radioactive releases • FAO intends to send a representative to IAEA EL Monaco to collaborate on marine/aquatic issues IAEA H. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc 2 June 2011