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Moving	
  Your	
  Organiza.on	
  To	
  
          Public	
  Cloud	
  
              April	
  30th,	
  2011	
  
              Adrian	
  Cockcro@	
  
             @adrianco	
  #neDlixcloud	
  
     hFp://www.linkedin.com/in/adriancockcro@	
  
With	
  a	
  hop,	
  skip	
  and	
  jump	
  into	
  
              public	
  cloud…	
  
             Prototype	
  to	
  get	
  familiar	
  with	
  cloud	
  
               Convince	
  Managers	
  of	
  cloud	
  value	
  
       Get	
  Developers	
  comfortable	
  with	
  new	
  tools	
  
              Incremental	
  deployment	
  strategies	
  
Why	
  Use	
  Public	
  Cloud?	
  
Fric.onless	
  Deployment	
  	
  
         (JFDI)	
  
Things	
  We	
  Don’t	
  Do	
  
Capacity	
  Planning	
  in	
  Clouds	
  
•    Capacity	
  is	
  expensive	
  
•    Capacity	
  takes	
  .me	
  to	
  buy	
  and	
  provision	
  
•    Capacity	
  only	
  increases,	
  can’t	
  be	
  shrunk	
  easily	
  
•    Capacity	
  comes	
  in	
  big	
  chunks,	
  paid	
  up	
  front	
  
•    Planning	
  errors	
  can	
  cause	
  big	
  problems	
  
•    Systems	
  are	
  clearly	
  defined	
  assets	
  
•    Systems	
  can	
  be	
  instrumented	
  in	
  detail	
  
BeFer	
  Business	
  Agility	
  
Data	
  Center	
                  NeDlix	
  could	
  not	
  
                                     build	
  new	
  
                                  datacenters	
  fast	
  
                                      enough	
  

  Capacity	
  growth	
  is	
  accelera.ng,	
  unpredictable	
  
  Product	
  launch	
  spikes	
  -­‐	
  iPhone,	
  Wii,	
  PS3,	
  XBox	
  
Which	
  Cloud?	
  What	
  MaFers?	
  
•  Scalability	
  over	
  the	
  full	
  range	
  
     –  Small	
  scale	
  –	
  trivial	
  sign	
  up	
  and	
  low	
  cost	
  to	
  learn	
  
     –  Large	
  scale	
  –	
  deploy	
  1000’s	
  of	
  systems	
  per	
  hour	
  

•  Large	
  and	
  Mature	
  Feature	
  Set	
  
     –  Less	
  work	
  to	
  do	
  yourself	
  
     –  Well	
  understood	
  and	
  robust	
  

•  Large	
  Developer	
  Community	
  
     –  Easy	
  to	
  find	
  expert	
  staff	
  
     –  Lots	
  of	
  tools	
  and	
  open	
  source	
  support	
  
Cloud	
  Portability?	
  
•  PlaDorm	
  vendor	
  lock-­‐in	
  vs.	
  Cloud	
  vendor	
  lock-­‐in	
  
    –  Who	
  do	
  you	
  trust	
  for	
  the	
  long	
  term?	
  
    –  How	
  likely,	
  how	
  much	
  effort	
  to	
  switch	
  vendors?	
  

•  Portable	
  tools	
  and	
  plaDorm	
  issues	
  
    –  Lowest	
  common	
  denominator	
  portability	
  
    –  Slow	
  to	
  add	
  advanced	
  features,	
  abstrac.on	
  conflicts	
  

•  Reach	
  Around	
  the	
  PlaDorm	
  
    –  Access	
  to	
  underlying	
  features	
  creeps	
  in	
  
    –  You	
  aren’t	
  really	
  portable	
  in	
  the	
  end…	
  
What	
  About	
  Cost?	
  
•  Explicitly	
  a	
  non-­‐goal	
  
     –  Don’t	
  distract	
  the	
  developers,	
  catch	
  excep.ons	
  only	
  
     –  Expect	
  costs	
  to	
  decline	
  over	
  .me	
  as	
  market	
  matures	
  

•  Cloud	
  costs	
  are	
  fully	
  burdened	
  
     –  Includes	
  facili.es,	
  power,	
  staffing,	
  automa.on	
  
     –  No	
  charges	
  for	
  idle	
  and	
  obsolete	
  systems	
  

•  Opportunity	
  Costs	
  
     –  Drama.cally	
  simpler	
  and	
  faster	
  decision	
  making	
  
     –  How	
  much	
  is	
  manager/execu.ve	
  aFen.on	
  span	
  worth?	
  
NeDlix	
  Choice	
  was	
  AWS	
  with	
  our	
  
   own	
  plaDorm	
  and	
  tools	
  
Leverage	
  AWS	
  Scale	
  
   “the	
  biggest	
  public	
  cloud”	
  
  AWS	
  investment	
  in	
  tooling	
  and	
  automa.on	
  
Use	
  AWS	
  zones	
  and	
  regions	
  for	
  high	
  availability,	
  
         scalability	
  and	
  global	
  deployment	
  
Leverage	
  AWS	
  Feature	
  Set	
  
      “the	
  market	
  leader”	
  
EC2,	
  S3,	
  SDB,	
  SQS,	
  EBS,	
  EMR,	
  ELB,	
  ASG,	
  IAM,	
  RDB,	
  VPC…	
  
“The	
  cloud	
  lets	
  its	
  users	
  focus	
  
         on	
  delivering	
  differen4a4ng	
  
         business	
  value	
  instead	
  of	
  
         was4ng	
  valuable	
  resources	
  
         on	
  the	
  undifferen)ated	
  
         heavy	
  li0ing	
  that	
  makes	
  
         up	
  most	
  of	
  IT	
  
         infrastructure.”	
  
	
  
     	
  Werner	
  Vogels	
  
     	
  Amazon	
  CTO	
  
	
  
Developers	
  and	
  Opera.ons	
  
Devops	
  
•  Developers	
  who	
  own	
  their	
  code	
  in	
  produc.on	
  

•  Ops	
  staff	
  who	
  can	
  write	
  code	
  and	
  tools	
  

•  How	
  do	
  they	
  bootstrap	
  into	
  cloud?	
  
    –  All	
  key	
  tools	
  are	
  open	
  source	
  or	
  in	
  the	
  cloud	
  
    –  Trivial	
  $	
  investment	
  to	
  learn	
  AWS,	
  NoSQL	
  etc.	
  
    –  No	
  excuse	
  to	
  not	
  have	
  it	
  on	
  your	
  resume…	
  
Implica.ons	
  for	
  IT	
  Opera.ons	
  
•  Cloud	
  is	
  run	
  by	
  developer	
  organiza.on	
  
    –  Our	
  IT	
  department	
  is	
  the	
  AWS	
  API	
  
    –  We	
  have	
  no	
  IT	
  staff	
  working	
  on	
  cloud	
  

•  Cloud	
  capacity	
  is	
  much	
  bigger	
  than	
  Datacenter	
  
    –  Datacenter	
  oriented	
  IT	
  staffing	
  is	
  flat	
  
    –  We	
  have	
  moved	
  a	
  few	
  people	
  out	
  of	
  IT	
  to	
  write	
  code	
  

•  Tradi.onal	
  IT	
  Roles	
  are	
  going	
  away	
  
    –  Don’t	
  need	
  SA,	
  DBA,	
  Storage,	
  Network	
  admins	
  
Datacenter	
  oriented	
  tools	
  don’t	
  
               work	
  
           Ephemeral	
  instances	
  
           High	
  rate	
  of	
  change	
  
“fork-­‐li@ed”	
  apps	
  don’t	
  work	
  well	
  

                        Fragile	
  
        Too	
  many	
  datacenter	
  oriented	
  
                  assump.ons	
  
“In	
  the	
  datacenter,	
  robust	
  code	
  is	
  best	
  
 prac4ce.	
  In	
  the	
  cloud,	
  it’s	
  essen4al.”	
  
                             	
  
Port	
  to	
  Cloud	
  Architecture	
  

Short	
  term	
  investment,	
  long	
  term	
  payback!	
  
            Pay	
  down	
  technical	
  debt	
  
                   Robust	
  paFerns	
  
Transi.on	
  
•  The	
  Goals	
  
       –  Faster,	
  Scalable,	
  Available	
  and	
  Produc.ve	
  


•  An.-­‐paFerns	
  and	
  Cloud	
  Architecture	
  
       –  The	
  things	
  we	
  wanted	
  to	
  change	
  and	
  why	
  


•  Developer	
  Transi.ons	
  and	
  Tools	
  
       –  Cloud	
  Bring-­‐up	
  Strategy	
  
	
  
Datacenter	
  An.-­‐PaFerns	
  

 What	
  do	
  we	
  currently	
  do	
  in	
  the	
  
datacenter	
  that	
  prevents	
  us	
  from	
  
         mee.ng	
  our	
  goals?	
  
                       	
  
Old	
  Datacenter	
  vs.	
  New	
  Cloud	
  Arch	
  
    Central	
  SQL	
  Database	
          Distributed	
  Key/Value	
  NoSQL	
  

 S.cky	
  In-­‐Memory	
  Session	
         Shared	
  Memcached	
  Session	
  

       ChaFy	
  Protocols	
                 Latency	
  Tolerant	
  Protocols	
  

 Tangled	
  Service	
  Interfaces	
         Layered	
  Service	
  Interfaces	
  

     Instrumented	
  Code	
              Instrumented	
  Service	
  PaFerns	
  

    Fat	
  Complex	
  Objects	
          Lightweight	
  Serializable	
  Objects	
  

  Components	
  as	
  Jar	
  Files	
         Components	
  as	
  Services	
  
Tools	
  and	
  Automa.on	
  
•  Developer	
  and	
  Build	
  Tools	
  
      –  Jira,	
  Perforce,	
  Eclipse,	
  Jeeves,	
  Ivy,	
  Ar.factory	
  
      –  Builds,	
  creates	
  .war	
  file,	
  .rpm,	
  bakes	
  AMI	
  and	
  launches	
  

•  Custom	
  NeDlix	
  Applica.on	
  Console	
  
      –  AWS	
  Features	
  at	
  Enterprise	
  Scale	
  (hide	
  the	
  AWS	
  security	
  keys!)	
  
      –  Auto	
  Scaler	
  Group	
  is	
  unit	
  of	
  deployment	
  to	
  produc.on	
  

•  Open	
  Source	
  +	
  Support	
  
      –  Apache,	
  Tomcat,	
  Cassandra,	
  Hadoop,	
  OpenJDK,	
  CentOS	
  
      –  Soon?	
  TwiFer	
  Rainbird	
  hFp://techcrunch.com/2011/02/04/twiFer-­‐rainbird/	
  

•  Monitoring	
  Tools	
  
      –  AppDynamics	
  –	
  Developer	
  focus	
  for	
  cloud	
  hFp://appdynamics.com	
  
      –  EpicNMS	
  –	
  flexible	
  data	
  collec.on	
  and	
  plots	
  hFp://epicnms.com	
  
Cloud	
  Developers	
  JFDI	
  Boot	
  Camp	
  
•  Concentrated	
  Stretch	
  Goal	
  
     –  Built	
  a	
  rough	
  prototype	
  working	
  web	
  site	
  in	
  test	
  account	
  
     –  Room	
  full	
  of	
  engineers	
  sharing	
  the	
  pain	
  for	
  1-­‐2	
  days	
  

•  Hands-­‐on	
  in	
  the	
  cloud	
  with	
  a	
  new	
  code	
  base	
  
     –  Debug	
  lots	
  of	
  tooling	
  and	
  conceptual	
  issues	
  very	
  fast	
  
     –  Try	
  out	
  architectures	
  and	
  paFerns,	
  throwaway,	
  no	
  risk	
  

•  Whiteboard	
  and	
  Wiki	
  Pages	
  –	
  Built	
  During	
  Boot	
  Camp	
  
     –  What	
  core	
  objects	
  already	
  exist,	
  how	
  to	
  make	
  your	
  own	
  
     –  What	
  components	
  already	
  exist	
  or	
  are	
  work	
  in	
  progress	
  
Developer	
  Instances	
  Collision	
  
•    Development	
  in	
  shared	
  test	
  account	
  
•    Shared	
  data	
  sources	
  and	
  most	
  services	
  
•    Sam	
  and	
  Rex	
  both	
  want	
  to	
  deploy	
  web	
  front	
  end	
  
•    Who	
  wins?	
  


                    Sam	
                                      Rex	
  
                                         web	
  in	
  
                                          test	
  
                                        account	
  
Developer	
  Service	
  Stacks	
  
•  Developer	
  specific	
  service	
  instances	
  
   –  Configured	
  via	
  Java	
  proper.es	
  at	
  run.me	
  
   –  Rou.ng	
  implemented	
  by	
  REST	
  client	
  library	
  

•  Server	
  Configura.on	
  
   –  Configure	
  discovery	
  service	
  “stack”	
  string	
  
   –  Registers	
  as	
  <appname>-­‐<stack>	
  

•  Client	
  Configura.on	
  
   –  Route	
  traffic	
  on	
  per-­‐service	
  basis	
  including	
  stack	
  
Per-­‐Service	
  Stack	
  Rou.ng	
  
        Developers	
  choose	
  what	
  to	
  share	
  



     Sam	
                 Rex	
                  Mike	
  
  web-­‐sam	
           web-­‐rex	
            web-­‐dev	
  

backend-­‐dev	
      backend-­‐dev	
        backend-­‐mike	
  
Cloud	
  Product	
  Bring-­‐Up	
  Strategy	
  
           Simplest	
  and	
  Soonest	
  
Shadow	
  Traffic	
  Redirec.on	
  
•  First	
  traffic	
  sent	
  to	
  cloud	
  
    –  Real	
  traffic	
  stream	
  to	
  validate	
  cloud	
  back	
  end	
  
    –  Uncovered	
  lots	
  of	
  process	
  and	
  tools	
  issues	
  
    –  Uncovered	
  Service	
  latency	
  issues	
  

•  TV	
  Device	
  calls	
  Datacenter	
  API	
  
    –  Returns	
  Genre/movie	
  list	
  for	
  a	
  customer	
  
    –  Asynchronously	
  duplicates	
  request	
  to	
  cloud	
  
    –  Start	
  with	
  send-­‐and-­‐forget	
  mode,	
  ignore	
  response	
  
Shadow	
  Redirect	
  Instances	
  

   Modified	
  
                                            Datacenter	
  
  Datacenter	
                               Service	
  
   Instances	
  


Modified	
  Cloud	
                        Cloud	
  Service	
  
                                                                 One	
  request	
  per	
  
  Instances	
                                                            visit	
  




 Data	
  Sources	
     queueservice	
     videometadata	
  
First	
  Web	
  Pages	
  in	
  the	
  Cloud	
  
Starz	
  Page	
  
First	
  Page	
  
•  First	
  full	
  page	
  –	
  Starz	
  Channel	
  Genre	
  
    –  Simplest	
  page,	
  no	
  sub-­‐genres,	
  minimal	
  personaliza.on	
  
    –  Lots	
  of	
  investment	
  in	
  new	
  Struts	
  based	
  page	
  design	
  

•  New	
  “merchweb”	
  front	
  end	
  instance	
  
    –  movies.neDlix.com	
  points	
  to	
  merchweb	
  instance	
  

•  Uncovered	
  lots	
  of	
  latency	
  issues	
  
    –  Used	
  memcached	
  to	
  hide	
  S3	
  and	
  SimpleDB	
  latency	
  
    –  Improved	
  from	
  slower	
  to	
  faster	
  than	
  Datacenter	
  
Starz	
  Page	
  Cloud	
  Instances	
  


  Front	
  End	
                                                     merchweb	
  




                                                                                        mul.ple	
  requests	
  
 Middle	
  Tier	
                         starz	
                   	
  memcached	
         per	
  visit	
  




Data	
  Sources	
     queueservice	
  
                      rentalhistory	
  
                                                      videometadata	
  
Controlled	
  Cloud	
  Transi.on	
  
•  WWW	
  calling	
  code	
  chooses	
  who	
  goes	
  to	
  cloud	
  
    –  Filter	
  out	
  corner	
  cases,	
  send	
  percentage	
  of	
  users	
  

•  Redirect	
  if	
  Needed	
  
    –  The	
  URL	
  that	
  customers	
  see	
  is	
  
       hFp://movies.neDlix.com/WiContentPage?csid=1	
  
    –  If	
  problem,	
  redirect	
  to	
  old	
  Datacenter	
  page	
  
       hFp://www.neDlix.com/WiContentPage?csid=1	
  

•  Play	
  BuFon	
  and	
  Star	
  Ra.ng	
  Ac.on	
  redirect	
  
    –  Point	
  URLs	
  for	
  ac.ons	
  that	
  create/modify	
  data	
  back	
  to	
  
       datacenter	
  to	
  start	
  with	
  
Big-­‐Bang	
  Transi.on	
  
•  iPhone	
  Launch	
  (August/Sept	
  2010)	
  
   –  Not	
  enough	
  capacity	
  in	
  the	
  datacenter,	
  cloud	
  only	
  
   –  App	
  Store	
  gates	
  release,	
  one	
  shot,	
  can’t	
  back	
  out	
  


•  SOASTA	
  Cloud	
  Based	
  Load	
  Genera.on	
  
   –  Has	
  to	
  work	
  at	
  large	
  scale	
  on	
  day	
  one	
  
   –  Stress	
  test	
  API	
  and	
  end-­‐to-­‐end	
  func.onality	
  
WWW	
  Page	
  by	
  Page	
  
•  2010	
  Gradual	
  Migra.on	
  from	
  Datacenter	
  
   –  Add	
  pages	
  as	
  dependent	
  services	
  come	
  online	
  
   –  Home	
  page	
  –	
  most	
  complex	
  and	
  highest	
  traffic	
  


•  2011	
  Clean	
  up	
  stragglers	
  and	
  dependencies	
  
   –  Shut	
  down	
  en.re	
  datacenter	
  service	
  .ers	
  
   –  Move	
  developer	
  focus	
  totally	
  to	
  cloud	
  
Hop,	
  Skip,	
  Jump	
  
•  Move	
  yourself	
  

•  Move	
  your	
  management	
  and	
  colleagues	
  

•  Move	
  your	
  developers	
  and	
  devops	
  

•  Move	
  your	
  product	
  
Takeaway	
  
                                 	
  
              Hop,	
  skip,	
  jump……	
  splash!	
  
Come	
  on	
  in,	
  the	
  water’s	
  fine,	
  just	
  a	
  bit	
  cloudy.	
  
                                 	
  
          hFp://www.linkedin.com/in/adriancockcro@	
  
                  @adrianco	
  #neDlixcloud	
  
Amazon Cloud Terminology Reference
     See http://aws.amazon.com/ This is not a full list of Amazon Web Service features

•    AWS	
  –	
  Amazon	
  Web	
  Services	
  (common	
  name	
  for	
  Amazon	
  cloud)	
  
•    AMI	
  –	
  Amazon	
  Machine	
  Image	
  (archived	
  boot	
  disk,	
  Linux,	
  Windows	
  etc.	
  plus	
  applica.on	
  code)	
  
•    EC2	
  –	
  Elas.c	
  Compute	
  Cloud	
  
       –    Range	
  of	
  virtual	
  machine	
  types	
  m1,	
  m2,	
  c1,	
  cc,	
  cg.	
  Varying	
  memory,	
  CPU	
  and	
  disk	
  configura.ons.	
  
       –    Instance	
  –	
  a	
  running	
  computer	
  system.	
  Ephemeral,	
  when	
  it	
  is	
  de-­‐allocated	
  nothing	
  is	
  kept.	
  
       –    Reserved	
  Instances	
  –	
  pre-­‐paid	
  to	
  reduce	
  cost	
  for	
  long	
  term	
  usage	
  
       –    Availability	
  Zone	
  –	
  datacenter	
  with	
  own	
  power	
  and	
  cooling	
  hos.ng	
  cloud	
  instances	
  
       –    Region	
  –	
  group	
  of	
  Availability	
  Zones	
  –	
  US-­‐East,	
  US-­‐West,	
  EU-­‐Eire,	
  Asia-­‐Singapore,	
  Asia-­‐Japan	
  
•    ASG	
  –	
  Auto	
  Scaling	
  Group	
  (instances	
  boo.ng	
  from	
  the	
  same	
  AMI)	
  
•    S3	
  –	
  Simple	
  Storage	
  Service	
  (hFp	
  access)	
  
•    EBS	
  –	
  Elas.c	
  Block	
  Storage	
  (network	
  disk	
  filesystem	
  can	
  be	
  mounted	
  on	
  an	
  instance)	
  
•    RDB	
  –	
  Rela.onal	
  Data	
  Base	
  (managed	
  MySQL	
  master	
  and	
  slaves)	
  
•    SDB	
  –	
  Simple	
  Data	
  Base	
  (hosted	
  hFp	
  based	
  NoSQL	
  data	
  store)	
  
•    SQS	
  –	
  Simple	
  Queue	
  Service	
  (hFp	
  based	
  message	
  queue)	
  
•    SNS	
  –	
  Simple	
  No.fica.on	
  Service	
  (hFp	
  and	
  email	
  based	
  topics	
  and	
  messages)	
  
•    EMR	
  –	
  Elas.c	
  Map	
  Reduce	
  (automa.cally	
  managed	
  Hadoop	
  cluster)	
  
•    ELB	
  –	
  Elas.c	
  Load	
  Balancer	
  
•    EIP	
  –	
  Elas.c	
  IP	
  (stable	
  IP	
  address	
  mapping	
  assigned	
  to	
  instance	
  or	
  ELB)	
  
•    VPC	
  –	
  Virtual	
  Private	
  Cloud	
  (extension	
  of	
  enterprise	
  datacenter	
  network	
  into	
  cloud)	
  
•    IAM	
  –	
  Iden.ty	
  and	
  Access	
  Management	
  (fine	
  grain	
  role	
  based	
  security	
  keys)	
  

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Migrating to Public Cloud

  • 1. Moving  Your  Organiza.on  To   Public  Cloud   April  30th,  2011   Adrian  Cockcro@   @adrianco  #neDlixcloud   hFp://www.linkedin.com/in/adriancockcro@  
  • 2. With  a  hop,  skip  and  jump  into   public  cloud…   Prototype  to  get  familiar  with  cloud   Convince  Managers  of  cloud  value   Get  Developers  comfortable  with  new  tools   Incremental  deployment  strategies  
  • 3. Why  Use  Public  Cloud?  
  • 6. Capacity  Planning  in  Clouds   •  Capacity  is  expensive   •  Capacity  takes  .me  to  buy  and  provision   •  Capacity  only  increases,  can’t  be  shrunk  easily   •  Capacity  comes  in  big  chunks,  paid  up  front   •  Planning  errors  can  cause  big  problems   •  Systems  are  clearly  defined  assets   •  Systems  can  be  instrumented  in  detail  
  • 8. Data  Center   NeDlix  could  not   build  new   datacenters  fast   enough   Capacity  growth  is  accelera.ng,  unpredictable   Product  launch  spikes  -­‐  iPhone,  Wii,  PS3,  XBox  
  • 9. Which  Cloud?  What  MaFers?   •  Scalability  over  the  full  range   –  Small  scale  –  trivial  sign  up  and  low  cost  to  learn   –  Large  scale  –  deploy  1000’s  of  systems  per  hour   •  Large  and  Mature  Feature  Set   –  Less  work  to  do  yourself   –  Well  understood  and  robust   •  Large  Developer  Community   –  Easy  to  find  expert  staff   –  Lots  of  tools  and  open  source  support  
  • 10. Cloud  Portability?   •  PlaDorm  vendor  lock-­‐in  vs.  Cloud  vendor  lock-­‐in   –  Who  do  you  trust  for  the  long  term?   –  How  likely,  how  much  effort  to  switch  vendors?   •  Portable  tools  and  plaDorm  issues   –  Lowest  common  denominator  portability   –  Slow  to  add  advanced  features,  abstrac.on  conflicts   •  Reach  Around  the  PlaDorm   –  Access  to  underlying  features  creeps  in   –  You  aren’t  really  portable  in  the  end…  
  • 11. What  About  Cost?   •  Explicitly  a  non-­‐goal   –  Don’t  distract  the  developers,  catch  excep.ons  only   –  Expect  costs  to  decline  over  .me  as  market  matures   •  Cloud  costs  are  fully  burdened   –  Includes  facili.es,  power,  staffing,  automa.on   –  No  charges  for  idle  and  obsolete  systems   •  Opportunity  Costs   –  Drama.cally  simpler  and  faster  decision  making   –  How  much  is  manager/execu.ve  aFen.on  span  worth?  
  • 12. NeDlix  Choice  was  AWS  with  our   own  plaDorm  and  tools  
  • 13. Leverage  AWS  Scale   “the  biggest  public  cloud”   AWS  investment  in  tooling  and  automa.on   Use  AWS  zones  and  regions  for  high  availability,   scalability  and  global  deployment  
  • 14. Leverage  AWS  Feature  Set   “the  market  leader”   EC2,  S3,  SDB,  SQS,  EBS,  EMR,  ELB,  ASG,  IAM,  RDB,  VPC…  
  • 15. “The  cloud  lets  its  users  focus   on  delivering  differen4a4ng   business  value  instead  of   was4ng  valuable  resources   on  the  undifferen)ated   heavy  li0ing  that  makes   up  most  of  IT   infrastructure.”      Werner  Vogels    Amazon  CTO    
  • 17. Devops   •  Developers  who  own  their  code  in  produc.on   •  Ops  staff  who  can  write  code  and  tools   •  How  do  they  bootstrap  into  cloud?   –  All  key  tools  are  open  source  or  in  the  cloud   –  Trivial  $  investment  to  learn  AWS,  NoSQL  etc.   –  No  excuse  to  not  have  it  on  your  resume…  
  • 18. Implica.ons  for  IT  Opera.ons   •  Cloud  is  run  by  developer  organiza.on   –  Our  IT  department  is  the  AWS  API   –  We  have  no  IT  staff  working  on  cloud   •  Cloud  capacity  is  much  bigger  than  Datacenter   –  Datacenter  oriented  IT  staffing  is  flat   –  We  have  moved  a  few  people  out  of  IT  to  write  code   •  Tradi.onal  IT  Roles  are  going  away   –  Don’t  need  SA,  DBA,  Storage,  Network  admins  
  • 19. Datacenter  oriented  tools  don’t   work   Ephemeral  instances   High  rate  of  change  
  • 20. “fork-­‐li@ed”  apps  don’t  work  well   Fragile   Too  many  datacenter  oriented   assump.ons  
  • 21. “In  the  datacenter,  robust  code  is  best   prac4ce.  In  the  cloud,  it’s  essen4al.”    
  • 22. Port  to  Cloud  Architecture   Short  term  investment,  long  term  payback!   Pay  down  technical  debt   Robust  paFerns  
  • 23. Transi.on   •  The  Goals   –  Faster,  Scalable,  Available  and  Produc.ve   •  An.-­‐paFerns  and  Cloud  Architecture   –  The  things  we  wanted  to  change  and  why   •  Developer  Transi.ons  and  Tools   –  Cloud  Bring-­‐up  Strategy    
  • 24. Datacenter  An.-­‐PaFerns   What  do  we  currently  do  in  the   datacenter  that  prevents  us  from   mee.ng  our  goals?    
  • 25. Old  Datacenter  vs.  New  Cloud  Arch   Central  SQL  Database   Distributed  Key/Value  NoSQL   S.cky  In-­‐Memory  Session   Shared  Memcached  Session   ChaFy  Protocols   Latency  Tolerant  Protocols   Tangled  Service  Interfaces   Layered  Service  Interfaces   Instrumented  Code   Instrumented  Service  PaFerns   Fat  Complex  Objects   Lightweight  Serializable  Objects   Components  as  Jar  Files   Components  as  Services  
  • 26. Tools  and  Automa.on   •  Developer  and  Build  Tools   –  Jira,  Perforce,  Eclipse,  Jeeves,  Ivy,  Ar.factory   –  Builds,  creates  .war  file,  .rpm,  bakes  AMI  and  launches   •  Custom  NeDlix  Applica.on  Console   –  AWS  Features  at  Enterprise  Scale  (hide  the  AWS  security  keys!)   –  Auto  Scaler  Group  is  unit  of  deployment  to  produc.on   •  Open  Source  +  Support   –  Apache,  Tomcat,  Cassandra,  Hadoop,  OpenJDK,  CentOS   –  Soon?  TwiFer  Rainbird  hFp://techcrunch.com/2011/02/04/twiFer-­‐rainbird/   •  Monitoring  Tools   –  AppDynamics  –  Developer  focus  for  cloud  hFp://appdynamics.com   –  EpicNMS  –  flexible  data  collec.on  and  plots  hFp://epicnms.com  
  • 27. Cloud  Developers  JFDI  Boot  Camp   •  Concentrated  Stretch  Goal   –  Built  a  rough  prototype  working  web  site  in  test  account   –  Room  full  of  engineers  sharing  the  pain  for  1-­‐2  days   •  Hands-­‐on  in  the  cloud  with  a  new  code  base   –  Debug  lots  of  tooling  and  conceptual  issues  very  fast   –  Try  out  architectures  and  paFerns,  throwaway,  no  risk   •  Whiteboard  and  Wiki  Pages  –  Built  During  Boot  Camp   –  What  core  objects  already  exist,  how  to  make  your  own   –  What  components  already  exist  or  are  work  in  progress  
  • 28. Developer  Instances  Collision   •  Development  in  shared  test  account   •  Shared  data  sources  and  most  services   •  Sam  and  Rex  both  want  to  deploy  web  front  end   •  Who  wins?   Sam   Rex   web  in   test   account  
  • 29. Developer  Service  Stacks   •  Developer  specific  service  instances   –  Configured  via  Java  proper.es  at  run.me   –  Rou.ng  implemented  by  REST  client  library   •  Server  Configura.on   –  Configure  discovery  service  “stack”  string   –  Registers  as  <appname>-­‐<stack>   •  Client  Configura.on   –  Route  traffic  on  per-­‐service  basis  including  stack  
  • 30. Per-­‐Service  Stack  Rou.ng   Developers  choose  what  to  share   Sam   Rex   Mike   web-­‐sam   web-­‐rex   web-­‐dev   backend-­‐dev   backend-­‐dev   backend-­‐mike  
  • 31. Cloud  Product  Bring-­‐Up  Strategy   Simplest  and  Soonest  
  • 32. Shadow  Traffic  Redirec.on   •  First  traffic  sent  to  cloud   –  Real  traffic  stream  to  validate  cloud  back  end   –  Uncovered  lots  of  process  and  tools  issues   –  Uncovered  Service  latency  issues   •  TV  Device  calls  Datacenter  API   –  Returns  Genre/movie  list  for  a  customer   –  Asynchronously  duplicates  request  to  cloud   –  Start  with  send-­‐and-­‐forget  mode,  ignore  response  
  • 33. Shadow  Redirect  Instances   Modified   Datacenter   Datacenter   Service   Instances   Modified  Cloud   Cloud  Service   One  request  per   Instances   visit   Data  Sources   queueservice   videometadata  
  • 34. First  Web  Pages  in  the  Cloud  
  • 36. First  Page   •  First  full  page  –  Starz  Channel  Genre   –  Simplest  page,  no  sub-­‐genres,  minimal  personaliza.on   –  Lots  of  investment  in  new  Struts  based  page  design   •  New  “merchweb”  front  end  instance   –  movies.neDlix.com  points  to  merchweb  instance   •  Uncovered  lots  of  latency  issues   –  Used  memcached  to  hide  S3  and  SimpleDB  latency   –  Improved  from  slower  to  faster  than  Datacenter  
  • 37. Starz  Page  Cloud  Instances   Front  End   merchweb   mul.ple  requests   Middle  Tier   starz    memcached   per  visit   Data  Sources   queueservice   rentalhistory   videometadata  
  • 38. Controlled  Cloud  Transi.on   •  WWW  calling  code  chooses  who  goes  to  cloud   –  Filter  out  corner  cases,  send  percentage  of  users   •  Redirect  if  Needed   –  The  URL  that  customers  see  is   hFp://movies.neDlix.com/WiContentPage?csid=1   –  If  problem,  redirect  to  old  Datacenter  page   hFp://www.neDlix.com/WiContentPage?csid=1   •  Play  BuFon  and  Star  Ra.ng  Ac.on  redirect   –  Point  URLs  for  ac.ons  that  create/modify  data  back  to   datacenter  to  start  with  
  • 39. Big-­‐Bang  Transi.on   •  iPhone  Launch  (August/Sept  2010)   –  Not  enough  capacity  in  the  datacenter,  cloud  only   –  App  Store  gates  release,  one  shot,  can’t  back  out   •  SOASTA  Cloud  Based  Load  Genera.on   –  Has  to  work  at  large  scale  on  day  one   –  Stress  test  API  and  end-­‐to-­‐end  func.onality  
  • 40. WWW  Page  by  Page   •  2010  Gradual  Migra.on  from  Datacenter   –  Add  pages  as  dependent  services  come  online   –  Home  page  –  most  complex  and  highest  traffic   •  2011  Clean  up  stragglers  and  dependencies   –  Shut  down  en.re  datacenter  service  .ers   –  Move  developer  focus  totally  to  cloud  
  • 41. Hop,  Skip,  Jump   •  Move  yourself   •  Move  your  management  and  colleagues   •  Move  your  developers  and  devops   •  Move  your  product  
  • 42. Takeaway     Hop,  skip,  jump……  splash!   Come  on  in,  the  water’s  fine,  just  a  bit  cloudy.     hFp://www.linkedin.com/in/adriancockcro@   @adrianco  #neDlixcloud  
  • 43. Amazon Cloud Terminology Reference See http://aws.amazon.com/ This is not a full list of Amazon Web Service features •  AWS  –  Amazon  Web  Services  (common  name  for  Amazon  cloud)   •  AMI  –  Amazon  Machine  Image  (archived  boot  disk,  Linux,  Windows  etc.  plus  applica.on  code)   •  EC2  –  Elas.c  Compute  Cloud   –  Range  of  virtual  machine  types  m1,  m2,  c1,  cc,  cg.  Varying  memory,  CPU  and  disk  configura.ons.   –  Instance  –  a  running  computer  system.  Ephemeral,  when  it  is  de-­‐allocated  nothing  is  kept.   –  Reserved  Instances  –  pre-­‐paid  to  reduce  cost  for  long  term  usage   –  Availability  Zone  –  datacenter  with  own  power  and  cooling  hos.ng  cloud  instances   –  Region  –  group  of  Availability  Zones  –  US-­‐East,  US-­‐West,  EU-­‐Eire,  Asia-­‐Singapore,  Asia-­‐Japan   •  ASG  –  Auto  Scaling  Group  (instances  boo.ng  from  the  same  AMI)   •  S3  –  Simple  Storage  Service  (hFp  access)   •  EBS  –  Elas.c  Block  Storage  (network  disk  filesystem  can  be  mounted  on  an  instance)   •  RDB  –  Rela.onal  Data  Base  (managed  MySQL  master  and  slaves)   •  SDB  –  Simple  Data  Base  (hosted  hFp  based  NoSQL  data  store)   •  SQS  –  Simple  Queue  Service  (hFp  based  message  queue)   •  SNS  –  Simple  No.fica.on  Service  (hFp  and  email  based  topics  and  messages)   •  EMR  –  Elas.c  Map  Reduce  (automa.cally  managed  Hadoop  cluster)   •  ELB  –  Elas.c  Load  Balancer   •  EIP  –  Elas.c  IP  (stable  IP  address  mapping  assigned  to  instance  or  ELB)   •  VPC  –  Virtual  Private  Cloud  (extension  of  enterprise  datacenter  network  into  cloud)   •  IAM  –  Iden.ty  and  Access  Management  (fine  grain  role  based  security  keys)