Protein quality and coronary heart disease
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This study from Harvard (par tof Nurses' Health Study programme) showed that nuts, fish and poultry may cut the risk for CHD vs red meat
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Protein quality and coronary heart disease
- 1. www.pronutritionist.net Major Dietary Protein Sources and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Women Bernstein AM et al. Circulation 2010; 122: 876-883. Page 1 Bernstein AM et al. Circulation 2010; 122: 876-883.
- 2. Page 2 Background • With the exception of fish, relatively few foods that are major sources of dietary protein have been examined in relation to incident coronary heart disease (CHD) • Neither animal protein nor vegetable protein has been associated with CHD risk but other nutrients in protein-rich foods, such as – saturated fat – polyunsaturated fat – vitamins E, B6, and folate have been associated with risk. Bernstein AM et al. Circulation 2010; 122: 876-883. www.pronutritionist.net
- 3. Methods • Prospective follow-up study (Nurses’ Health Study) • Follow-up 26 years • Diet was assessed by a standardized and validated questionnaire – updated every 4 years • n = 84 136, women aged 30 to 55 years Page 3 Bernstein AM et al. Circulation 2010; 122: 876-883. www.pronutritionist.net
- 4. Results (1/3) • Higher intakes of red meat (RR 1.16) and high-fat dairy (RR 1.03) were significantly associated with elevated risk of CHD – The positive association was independent of established dietary and nondietary cardiovascular risk factors as well as fruit and vegetable intake • Compared with red meat, higher intakes of poultry, fish, and nuts were significantly associated with lower risk of CHD • Eggs did not effect to the risk of CHD Page 4 Bernstein AM et al. Circulation 2010; 122: 876-883. www.pronutritionist.net
- 5. Results (2/3) www.pronutritionist.netBernstein AM et al. Circulation 2010; 122: 876- 883. 5 RR vs red meat serving
- 6. Increased risk of CHD Neutral effect on CHD risk Decreased risk of CHD Red meat (RR 1.16) Eggs Nuts (RR 0.78) High fat dairy (RR1.03) Low fat dairy Poultry (RR 0.90) Fish (RR 0.81) www.pronutritionist.netBernstein AM et al. Circulation 2010; 122: 876- 883. 6 Results (3/3)
- 7. Discussion • This data suggests that high red meat intake – increases risk of CHD, even if the associations very not very strong – CHD risk may be reduced importantly by shifting sources of protein towards nuts, poultry and fish • This data does not support negative effect of eggs on cardiovascular health • Dairy products (both full and low fat) were associated with lower CHD risk when compared to red meat (as substitution) • This study did not tell about optimal daily quantity of protein • The long term nature and size of study increase the trustfulness of the results, even if cohort studies are prone to confounding factors • More studies on effects of protein quality and quantity is needed Page 7 Bernstein AM et al. Circulation 2010; 122: 876-883. www.pronutritionist.net