Presentación de Henning Steinfeld, FAO, durante la XI Reunión de la CODEGALAC, Capítulo Cono Sur, realizada del 16 y 18 de noviembre de 2010 en Buenos Aires, Argentina
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El Estado Mundial de la Agricultura y la Alimentación: La ganadería a exámen, SOFA 2009
1. EL Estado Mundial de la
Agricultura y la
Alimentation:
La ganadería a exámen
The State of
1
The State of
Food and Agriculture
Livestock in the balance
FAO's major annual flagship publication.
Available in English, French, Spanish, Russian,
Arabic and Chinese
www.fao.org/publications/sofa
2. Livestock in the balance
• Large, growing, dynamic sector
• Public goods at risk
– Livelihoods and food security
– Natural resources and the environment
2
– Animal diseases and human health
• Better policies, institutions and
regulations
• Conflicts and trade-offs
3. 300400500
Indexnumber:1961=100
Consumption is growing rapidly in
developing countries ...
Eggs
Meat
3
100200300
Indexnumber:1961=100
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Roots and tubers Cereals
Meat Milk
Eggs
Per caput consumption of major food items in developing countries – kg per caput per year (index numbers 1961=100)
Milk
4. Drivers of growth
• Animal numbers more than
productivity
• Cheap feed and fuel
• Economies of scale
4
• Economies of scale
• Technological innovation
5. ... and structural change
• Vertical integration and global
supply chains
• Geographic concentration
• Higher food safety and animal
5
• Higher food safety and animal
health standards
• A widening dichotomy
6. Livelihoods and food security
• Livelihoods
– 1 billion people keep livestock
– 60 percent of rural households
– livestock have multiple functions
6
– livestock have multiple functions
• Food supply
– 15 percent of dietary energy
– 25 percent of protein supply
7. Environment: why livestock
are different from crops?
• Livestock use more land
• Livestock food chains are longer –
and entail efficiency losses
7
• Livestock move
• Livestock production systems are
mobile
8. Increasing animal
disease risks
• Co-existence of traditional and
modern livestock production
• Increasing travel and trade
8
• Climate change and changing
ecologies
11. “...towards a more responsible
livestock sector...”
• Need to address and correct the
current under-provision of global
and local public goods in the
livestock sector
11
• Deal with social, environmental
and health aspects of sector
development in a dynamic,
integrated and inter-disciplinary
manner
12.
13. Development of theDevelopment of the
Responsible Livestock AgendaResponsible Livestock Agenda
• Led by a “dialogue group” (Netherlands, New
Zealand, Brazil, WB, FAO);
• Focus on enhancing efficiency of resource use
(land, nutrients, water, energy) in global(land, nutrients, water, energy) in global
livestock sector value chains;
• Through:
– development of a “think tank”;
– knowledge sharing and policy dialogue
– supporting inter-governmental processes and partnerships
14. The State of
Food and Agriculture
Livestock in the balance
FAO's major annual flagship publication.
Available in English, French, Spanish, Russian,
Arabic and Chinese
14
Arabic and Chinese
www.fao.org/publications/sofa
21. 5 countries
• mass product for the emerging middle
class?
• feed resource constrains for beef: pasture,
arablearable
• technological progress slow
• beef will have to go up-market
27. Trends in soybean production and
acreage
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
millionhecatres
'000metrictonnes
Production Area harvested
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006
millionhecatres
'000metrictonnes
28. Average annual change in land use, 1990-
2008
Land use Argentina Brazil Paraguay Uruguay
1000 ha
Agriculture +303 +1,272 +180 +2
Arable land +311 +573 +116 +21Arable land +311 +573 +116 +21
Soybean area +635 +532 +87 +24
Pasture -7 +656 +63 -18
Forest land -273 -2,829 0 0
Other land -30 1,558 -1 -43
29. Total acreage for main land-use types and
average annual change in land use, 1990-
2008
Land use Argentina Brazil Paraguay Uruguay
1000 ha
1990- 1990- 1990- 1990-
2008
1990-
2008 2008
1990-
2008 2008
1990-
2008 2008
1990-
2008
Arable land 32,000 +311 61,000 +573 4,200 +116 1,640 +21
Pasture 99,850 -7 196,000 -656 16,100 +63 13,191 -18
Forest land 29,879 -237 523,910 -2,829 17,939 0 1,654 0
30.
31. Average annual change in land use, 1990-
2008
Land use Argentina Brazil Paraguay Uruguay
1000 ha
1990 2008 1990 2008 1990 2008 1990 2008
Arable land 26, 400 32,000 50,681 61,000 2,110 4,200 1,260 1,640
Pasture 99,970 99,850 184,200 196,000 14,960 16,100 13,520 13,191
Forest land 34,793 29,879 574,839 523,910 21,157 17,939 920 1,654